1. US IMPERIALISM How does the United States expand its economic empire in Latin America & the Pacific?

2. A Sphere of Influence in Latin America Latin American landowners became wealthier after independence as governments put private land up for sale Latin American govts also very weak Many former Latin Am. army generals became Caudillos (dictators), Caudillos had support of the army, landowners and US Latin America exports beef, fruit & vegetables to US; US sends manufactured goods to Latin Amer. Latin America becomes very dependent on US goods & must borrow money from US Borrowed money does not go to the people, goes to Caudillos, exporters and landowners Caudillos have total power, Juan Gomez says Venezuela is “his personal cattle ranch” Latin Am is in heavy debt, US issues Monroe Doctrine to protect its interests

3. Monroe Doctrine pg 384 1.What did Latin American countries fear after independence? 2.What was the US worried about? 3.What did the doctrine state? 4.When did the US first enforce the doctrine?

4. Spanish-American War Although US is against colonization, two groups favored imperialism 1. People who believed it was the America’s destiny to be an empire 2.American businesses who wanted new markets & materials 1868: Cuba declares independence from Spain but lose after 10 yrs 1895: Jose Marti starts second war of independence Yellow Journalists say Spain sinks Maine, in reality a boiler exploded near weapons US opens the war by attacking Spanish colony of the Philippines, not Cuba Spain can’t fight two wars - US wins & gains Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines US agrees to help Cubans because 1)US business interests in Cuba, 2) attack of the USS Maine Pres McKinley tells Filipinos (who were fighting Spain) that US is there to free them Cuba is independent, all others are colonies – Filipinos upset * Emilio Aguinaldo leads independence movement against US – but fails

5. Spanish-American War Clip 1.What were newspapers saying about Spain’s treatment of Cubans? 2.Who wanted war with Spain? 3.What did President McKinley do to protect US interests in Cuba and what happened to that protection? 4.What did Roosevelt organize during the war? 5.What effect did the war have on the US economy?

6. US Annexes Hawai’i In Kingdom of Hawai’i, American fruit & sugar growers account for 75% of Hawaiian wealth 1890: US puts tax on imported sugar (Hawaiian sugar now more expensive) American businesses in Hawai’i want the US to annex the country to avoid tax & get govt subsidy, US govt refuses request 1893: Queen Liliuokalani tries to change Hawaii’s constitution Queen wants more power for Hawaiian people, less for foreigners Group of American businessman overthrow Queen in a coup 1894: Sanford Dole is named President of the Republic of Hawai’i Dole asks US to annex Hawai’i, in 1898 US agrees to annex the republic

7. 1.List all objects & words in the cartoon 2.List any action you see in the cartoon (what is the eagle doing?) 3.What does the cartoonist think about American Imperialism? Puerto Rico Hawaii Guam Samoa Philippines US 1798 American Imperialism Cartoon