1. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 1 Hardware and Software Chapter 2

2. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 2 Principles and Learning Objectives Information system users must work closely with information system professionals to define business needs, evaluate options, and select the hardware and software that provide a cost- effective solution to those needs.

3. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 3 Principles and Learning Objectives Organizations do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage.

4. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 4 Principles and Learning Objectives End users and IS professionals use a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand.

5. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 5 Principles and Learning Objectives The information system industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues in software licensing to be effective in their business and personal life.

6. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 6 Computer System Components

7. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 7 Hardware Components in Action Instruction phase –Step 1: Fetch instruction –Step 2: Decode instruction Execution phase –Step 3: Execute the instruction –Step 4: Store the results

8. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 8 Execution of an Instruction

9. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 9 Processing and Memory Devices

10. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 10 Processing Characteristics and Functions Machine cycle time Clock speed Wordlength Superconductivity

11. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 11 Moore’s Law

12. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 12 Number of Bytes

13. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 13 Types of Memory Random access memory (RAM) –EDO RAM –SDRAM –DRAM Read-only memory (ROM) –PROM –EPROM

14. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 14 Basic Types of Memory Chips

15. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 15 Secondary Storage and Output Devices

16. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 16 Cost Comparisons for Various Forms of Data Storage

17. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 17 Secondary Storage Access Methods Sequential access Direct access Sequential access storage devices Direct access storage devices

18. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 18 Secondary Storage Devices Magnetic tapes Magnetic discs RAID SAN Optical discs Magneto-optical discs Digital versatile discs Memory cards Expandable storage

19. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 19 Types of Secondary Storage

20. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 20 Hard Disc

21. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 21 Storage Area Network

22. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 22 Digital Versatile Disc Player

23. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 23 Expandable Storage

24. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 24 Comparison of Secondary Storage Devices

25. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 25 Input Devices Personal computer input devices Voice-recognition devices Digital computer cameras Terminals Scanning devices

26. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 26 A PC Equipped with a Computer Camera

27. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 27 Output Devices Display Monitors Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) Printers and Plotters Music Devices

28. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 28 Laser Printer

29. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 29 Types of Computer Systems

30. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 30 Overview of Software

31. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 31 Overview of Software Computer programs Documentation Systems software Computer system platform Application software

32. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 32 Classifying Software by Type and Sphere of Influence

33. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 33 Systems Software

34. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 34 Operating Systems Perform common computer hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide a degree of hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing tasks Provide networking capability Control access to system resources Manage files

35. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 35 Role of the Operating System

36. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 36 Application Program Interface

37. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 37 An Example of the Operating System Controlling Physical Access to Data

38. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 38 Popular Operating Systems

39. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 39 Application Software

40. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 40 Sources of Software

41. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 41 Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

42. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 42 Examples of Personal Productivity Software

43. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 43 Software Suites

44. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 44 Enterprise Application Software

45. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 45 Summary of Programming Languages

46. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Second Edition 46 Summary Hardware devices work together to perform input, processing, data storage, and output. There are two main categories of software: systems software and application software. An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware to support users’ computing needs. Application software may be proprietary or off-the-shelf. There are five generations of programming languages, plus object- oriented programming languages.