1. Parts of Speech You NEED to Know

2.  1. The clown chased the dog around the playground.  2. Golly! I’m late to class!  3. She swam doggedly toward the finish line.  4. Although she likes zucchini, she loves squash even more.  5. She is the most likeable person I know.  6. The warm sun filled the room.  7. The mouse ran across the floor.  8. I like tea and coffee. Pre-Test: Identify the part of speech of each underlined word in each sentence. You can choose verb, adjective, noun, adverb, preposition, conjunction, or interjection. Write the answers in your Writer’s Notebook.

3.  1. noun  2. interjection  3. adverb  4. conjunction  5. verb  6. adjective  7. preposition  8. conjunction Answers:

4.  Examples: Student Ms. Durham Dunbar Car Keenness Scruple Happiness Nouns—a person, place, thing, or idea/feeling

5.  Proper: Names a particular person, place, or thing and is capitalized  Ex: United States, Ms. Raines, Mrs. Faris, Ben Affleck  Common: A regular, general noun usually not capitalized  Ex: sandwich, pencil  Concrete: Nouns that have a physical existence  Ex: clock, desk, computer  Abstract: Nouns that are ideas, feelings, or qualities w/ no physical existence.  Ex: time, freedom, love Specific Kinds of Nouns:

6. Pronouns—Take the place of nouns or noun groups Ex: you, we, I, they, myself, his, theirs Cool trick: How do you know when to say “Buddy and I…” or “Buddy and me…?” When in doubt, kick the other one out! Ex: They gave the ball to Buddy and me. (Take Buddy out of the sentence and read the sentence as “They gave the ball to me.” THAT’S CORRECT! “They gave the ball to I” would sound weird!)

7. Verbs—demonstrate action or a state of being Ex: run, write, is, are REMEMBER: All complete sentences must contain a verb! Verb Tense: Should remain the same throughout a piece of writing. Present: Indicates actions that are repeated, states of being, statements that are always true. Ex: I like tea. The wall is blue. Past: Indicates a past action already done. Ex: I liked the movie. Her house was welcoming. Future: Indicates an action that will take place. Ex: I will like this class. The party will be fun.

8. Adjectives—Describe or modify nouns or pronouns Ex: sleepy student, red car, good writer, beautiful woman, talkative store clerk

9.  REMEMBER: Many times adverbs end in “ly” like “benignly” or “doggedly,” but not always!  Adverbs also describe how or to what degree something is done.  Ex: very sleepy student, quickly moving red car, writing well Adverbs—describe or modify verbs or adjectives

10.  Ex: under the table, over the couch, across the floor.  Common Prepositions: (List a few!)  about, above, across, after, against, along, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, down, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until Prepositions—Express location, relation, direction, or time. “Anywhere a mouse can go.”

11.  Ex: for, and, nor, but, or, so, although, because, etc. I want to eat peanut butter and jelly.  There are different types of conjunctions, but we will get to those later! Conjunctions—words that connect other words and sentences

12.  Ex: Oh, Ah, Um, etc.  Ex: Ah, that is awesome! Oh, I see! Interjections—short exclamations or pauses. They have no grammatical value, but are used frequently when we speak