1. Social Development (Chapter 13) Lecture Outline: Emotional development The “self” and personality Temperament

2. Differentiation theory Excitement Positive emotionsNegative Emotions joy anger sad interest surprise pain

3. Other theories of emotion w Discrete emotions theory: Innately disposed to experience emotions w Behavioral and cognitive approaches: Emotions are learned through experience and represented cognitively Labels are applied to physiological states: Eat two chocolate bars and go to the movies

4. Paul Ekman: Facial Action Coding

5. Which of these neutral faces do you prefer? A, B, or C?

6. Emotions have adaptive evolutionary function w Joy: About to achieve a goal w Anger: Confronted by an obstacle w Sadness: A goal is unattainable w Disgust: Something distasteful is happening w All of these emotions lead to motivation for some kind of action or reaction

7. Children must learn to read emotional cues: Is this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed irritation?

8. The “Self” w Self concept w What am “I” w Physical, active, social, psychological components are related to progression across ages w Self-esteem w Evaluative component w How valued am I? w People internalize the evaluative judgements made by others

9. Erik Erikson and Personality Development w Trust vs. mistrust: Birth to 1 year w Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3) w Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) w Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12) w Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence) w Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood) w Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult) w Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

11. Temperament w Disposition, intensity, and duration of emotional experience Easy: Playful, adaptable, regular in sleep and eating cycles Difficult: Fusy, irregular, unadaptable to new situations Slow-to-warm up: Avoid/ shy with novelty w Temperamental assessment: Behavioral observations Physiological reactivity

12. Goodness-of-fit: person X environment interaction Irritable Baby Parenting: Stable Unstable Baby: More Fussy Less Fussy Parent: Poor coping Good coping Toddler: Negative Happy Fussy Calm