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Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules
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Enzyme vocabulary Enzyme Substrate Products Active site
helper protein molecule Substrate molecule that enzymes work on Products what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction Active site part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into
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Flow of energy through life
Life is built on chemical reactions
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Chemical reactions of life
Processes of life building molecules synthesis breaking down molecules digestion + +
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Nothing works without enzymes!
How important are enzymes? all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work building molecules synthesis enzymes breaking down molecules digestive enzymes enzymes speed up reactions “catalysts” enzyme + enzyme We can’t live without enzymes! +
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Examples synthesis enzyme + digestion enzyme +
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Enzymes are proteins Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction Must be the right shape for the job. Named for the reaction they help: sucrase breaks down sucrose proteases breakdown proteins lipases breakdown lipids DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase
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Enzymes Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.
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CATALASE Found in animal and plant cells
Needed to speed up the breakdown of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Breaks it down to OXYGEN and WATER The word equation for this looks like this HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OXYGEN AND WATER HPCOW CATALASE
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Amylase Found in saliva and in the pancreas Break down enzyme
Breaks STARCH down to MALTOSE Word equation looks like this STARCH MALTOSE SAM AMYLASE
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Potato Phosphorylase Synthesis enzyme (builds up)
Builds Glucose-1-Phosphate molecules into Starch The formation of starch is tested using iodine solution Starch Glucose-1-Phosphate Phosphorylase G1PPS
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More about Specific This means amylase will only breakdown starch
Catalase will only breakdown hydrogen peroxide Amylase will NOT breakdown hydrogen peroxide Catalase will NOT breakdown starch
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Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
used only temporarily re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions substrate product active site enzyme
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It’s shape that matters!
Lock & Key model shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit specific enzyme for each specific reaction
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