1. Slide 1 transcription DNARNA translation protein In-text figure Page 227

2. Slide 2 URACIL (U) base with a single-ring structure phosphate group sugar (ribose) Figure 14.2 Page 228

3. Slide 3 DNA RNAG C A T C G T A G C A U C G T A base-pairing in DNA replicationbase-pairing in transcription Figure 14.3 Page 228

4. Slide 4 sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand of nucleoides in a DNA double helix sugar-phosphate backbone of the other strand of nucleoides part of the sequence of base-pairs (blue) Figure 14.4a Page 228

5. Slide 5 RNA polymerase DNA Figure 14.4b Page 229

6. Slide 6 transcribed DNA winds up againDNA to be transcribed unwinds newly forming RNA transcript DNA template at the assembly site Figure 14.4c Page 229

7. Slide 7 3’ 5’ growing RNA transcript 5’ 3’5’ 3’ direction of transcription Figure 14.4d,e Page 229

8. Slide 8 mature mRNA transcript 5’3’ poly-A tail 5’ snipped out ca p transcription into pre-mRNA unit of transcription in a DNA strand exonintronexon intron 3’ 5’ Stepped Art Figure 14.5 Page 229

9. Slide 9 arginineglycinetyrosine tryptophan base sequence of gene region mRNA amino acids Figure 14.6 Page 230

10. Slide 10 Figure 14.7 Page 230

11. Slide 11 codon in mRNA anticodon amino acid OH amino-acid attachment site Figure 14.8 Page 231

12. Slide 12 small ribosome subunitlarge ribosome subunit tunnel intact ribosome + Figure 14.9b,c Page 231

13. Slide 13 mRNA transcript intact ribosome Initiation initiator tRNA small ribosomal subunit Fig. 14.10a-c Page 232

14. Slide 14 binding site for mRNA P (first binding site for tRNA) A (second binding site for tRNA) platform on small ribosomal subunit Figure 14.10d Page 232

15. Slide 15 Elongation Fig. 14.10e-g Page 233

16. Slide 16 Elongation Fig. 14.10h,i Page 233

17. Slide 17 Termination mRNA new polypeptide chain mRNA Fig. 14.10j-k Page 233

18. Slide 18 original base triplet in a DNA strand During replication, proofreading enzymes make a substitution: a base substitution within the triplet (red) original, unmutated sequence a gene mutation possible outcomes: or Figure 14.11 Page 234

19. Slide 19 mRNA parental DNA amino acids altered mRNA DNA with base insertion altered amino- acid sequence arginineglycinetyrosinetryptophanasparagine arginineglycineleucineglutamateleucine Figure 14.12 Page 234

20. Slide 20 mRNArRNAtRNA Translation amino acids, tRNAs, ribosomal subunits mRNA transcripts protein subunits ribosomal subunits tRNA Transcription Protein Figure 14.14 Page 236