1. Discussion question What, in your opinion, makes a society “modern” or “civilized”? –Come up with 3 definitions (discussion only, no need to write things down…yet)

2. Technology?

3. Wealth and power?

4. Rights?

5. The Crisis of the 14 th Century

6. What’s going on here?

7. Gothic Cathedrals

8. Catholic Church as Empire Political leadership, separate estates

9. The collapse of a united Europe

10. FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

11. A survey of the Middle Ages Failed attempts to create a new Roman- esque empire –Efforts to regain classical learning (not all “Dark Ages”) –Limited by technology, wealth Legitimacy based on conquest and the Cross –Weakened by both religious conflict and failure to stop Viking invasion An effort to make positions hereditary

12. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service. But also a caste system (no social mobility)

13. The Medieval Manor

14. The Little Ice Age and Famine Look for this in your reading! Big ideas: Europe’s population boom unable to sustain a large population –Ice Age ruins crops in the 1300s –Malnourished population leads to vulnerabilities from the Black Plague

16. Spread of the Plague

17. Consequences Between 25-30% death entire population was killed (up to 38 million). BIG IDEA: Turns the world upside down! indulgent living, abandoning cities, extreme behavior. Pogroms against Jews

18. Consequences Labor shortage in the aftermath of the plagues. –Rise in wages Social Mobility+Wages--Hastened the decline of serfdom Scutage! Peasant Revolts –Jacquerie in France (1358) Meux to the right. ---------> –English Peasants’ Revolt (1381)— Revolts in the Cities –Ciompi Revolt in Florence (1378)-- short-lived success

19. Jacquerie Leader of rebellion invited to truce talks by nobles –Different standards of behavior! Only knights count as people –Few hundred knights vs. 20,000+ peasants

20. Let’s do this term together: The Black Death What is it? Significance? If done -> Little Ice Age

21. Three Crisis Black Death Church Corruption Hundred Years War -End Medieval Europe and pave the way for the world we know today

22. Each Event Worsened The Others Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Black Death (1347-1352) Church Corruption

23. “Chivalric Duty” Class-based warfare Knights –Men at Arms –Peasant levies (Archers, Crossbowmen, etc.) Personal Combat –Ex: Combat of the 30 –Ransom of surrendered Knights

24. Hundred Years War (1337-1453)—Effects Professional Mercenaries become essential part of European warfare (Problem: what do unemployed mercenaries do?) Gunpowder + artillery signals decline of castle and knight warfare Birth of nation-state (decline of local identity) -Larger governments needed to organize mercenaries