1. New construction & sustainability Prof. Matti Kokkala VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland “technology alone does not guarantee sustainability, but sustainability cannot be provided without technology” Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

2. Promising approaches? passive house concept low exergy heating/cooling –i.e. use of energy that cannot be used elsewhere education of prospective home builders community level optimisation: local energy production connected to the energy network Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

3. A culture for 'Life Cycle Costing’? yes in theory, but practise based heavily on investment costs only public-private partnerships with long term responsibility –positive examples but disagreement on economical rational (e.g a school in Espoo) instruments for easier communication needed Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

4. Supply chain for delivery of a sustainable service? not in the mainstream processes market mechanisms do not work –the benefits not seen quick enough if typical rates for return on investment assumed partial optimization, sub-contracting based on price bonus systems in procurement still based on money saved Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

5. Market barriers & business opportunities Difficult / impossible to buy –fact-based marketing needed; green image sufficient for a niche market only & education of the buyers –technology exists but not easy to find on the market Traditions – change of processes taken as a disturbance Time for efficient branding; better quality of life with economical solutions Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

6. What can governments do? support education of all stakeholders public procurement as a model: a must not an option! require long-term liability on running/maintenance costs of all buildings develop a European model regulation for sustainable construction Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

7. Conclusions Seek for optimum on societal/community level instead of building/component level Do anything to make purchase of a sustainable solution easier Prof. Matti Kokkala | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland