1. The movement of materials against a concentration gradient. (requires energy) Carrier Proteins – are involved in passive transport and Active transport often they are called “pumps” because they move molecules up their concentration gradients. 5-2 Active Transport HighLow

2. Sodium-Potassium Pump Na Concentration Low Na Concentration High K Concentration Low K Concentration High

3. is the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules and large particles including other cells. There are two types of endocytosis. Endocytosis Vesicle – membrane bound organelle formed from the pinching of a sac in the membrane

5. a) Pinocytosis - transports into cell solutes or fluids (Cellular drinking )

6. b) Phagocytosis - Cellular Eating

7. Exocytosis The reverse of Endocytosis Cells release the contents of their vesicles into the extracellular environment. (like taking out the trash) Inside Cell Outside Cell

8. 1.Explain the difference between active transport and passive transport. 2.What functions do carrier proteins perform in active transport? 3.What provides the energy that drives the sodium potassium pump? 4.Explain the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis? 5.Describe the steps involved in exocytosis. 6.During intense exercise potassium tends to accumulate in the fluid surrounding muscle cells what membrane protein helps muscle cells counteract this tendency? Explain your answer.