1. Using Quotes Parenthetical documentation
Lead Ins
Using Quotes
Parenthetical documentation

2. Active Verbs Possible lead-ins
accepts cautions denies
acknowledges challenges describes
adds claims disagrees
affirms discusses endorses
explains implies insists
agrees confirms notes
argues contends observes
asserts contradicts rejects
believes declares suggests
proposes urges verifies

3. When do you use a lead -in
Whenever you are placing information about a source in the body of your paper, you are creating a lead-in or tag.
The first time you cite a source, it is preferred to give both first and last name and some information about the author.
A lead-in (active verb/transition) can be placed at the beginning, middle or end.

4. Examples
James Patterson, a professor at Harvard’s medical school, states that more than 300,000 Americans die annually as a direct result of tobacco smoking (31).
Despite the fact that the U.S. public has been warned for years about the serious health threat posed by tobacco smoking, James Patterson, a professor at Harvard’s medical school, states that more than 300, 000 Americans die annually as a direct result of tobacco smoking (31).

5. More than 300,000 Americans die annually as a direct result of tobacco smoking asserts, James Patterson, a professor at Harvard’s medical school.

6. Your turn
Not only do animals provide companionship and devotion, they also lower our blood pressure, ease our stress, and according to some researchers, even prolong our lives
Karen Dale “Is your Dog a Doctor” Natural Healing Jan./Feb. 1999:62-64

7. In the five million years since we humans separated from apes, our DNA has evolved less than 2%
Walter Frye “The Biotech Century” Time 11 Jan. 1999: 42-43

8. If we want to do something about violence, we have to do something about education, about jobs, about TV violence, about the “Pandora’s box” of social problems from which we have no answers.
Allen, Jennifer. “The Danger years.” New York Times 21 Dec. 1999,late ed. C&-C8.

9. We tell girls that they need to be big and strong if they want to play and succeed at certain sports such as basketball; but the minute the game is over we expect them to go back to the skinny, anorexic look.
Sherwood, Jess. “Conflicting Values in Women’s Sports.” Miami Herald Online 18 Apr Apr.1999<