1. Cell Structure Review

2. Eukaryotic Cells Have a nucleus
Found in multi-cellular organisms & some unicellular organisms

3. Prokaryotic Cells
Do not have a nucleus
Found in bacteria

4. Cell Membrane Thin, flexible layer
Separates the cell from its surrounding environment
Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
Helps maintain the cell’s internal environment

5. Cell Wall
Cell walls, found in plant cells, are much stronger than cell membranes
Rigid layer of non living material; made of cellulose
Helps protect and support
the cell

6. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Manages all of the cell’s activities
Largest organelle
Contains the genetic material (chromatin) the cell needs to reproduce and function.
Is surrounded by the nuclear envelope and also contains the nucleolus

7. Mitochondria
Organelles that cause the release of energy by using oxygen to break down sugars.
Releases food molecules that supply energy to the cell; it is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Usually more than one in a cell

8. Cytoplasm
Thick, jelly-like substance contained within the cell membrane
The majority of the organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of channels/tubes leading from the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm
Helps transport materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm; acts as an assembly line
Also involved in transporting proteins
Two types:
- Smooth E.R. = no ribosomes
-Rough E.R. = contains ribosomes

10. Lysosomes Sac-like structures that contain enzymes
Where digestion of cell nutrients & food molecules take place
Breaks down cellular waste or things that are harmful to the cell
“clean up crew”

11. Centriole
Centrioles play an important role in cell division. The centrioles are found in pairs and move towards the poles (opposite ends) of the nucleus when it is time for cell division.

12. Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, a process in which the plant uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to create energy in the form of glucose for the plant.

13. Vacuole
Think of these membrane sacs as containment units. They can hold many substances from organic molecules to simple excess water. Plant cells have a central vacuole that is important in maintaining plant turgidity.
“Storage units”

14. Ribosomes Sites of protein manufacturing in the cell
Assemble proteins that:
Create chemical messages to run a cell.
Build cell organelles
Line the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

15. Golgi Bodies
Receive proteins and other newly formed substances from the ER, package them and distribute to other parts of the cell

16. Labeling the cell parts
Please use page 22 of your Cells and Heredity textbook to label the plant and animal cell diagrams.