1. How We Study Cells Light Microscopes Used to see most of cell/tissues
Electron Microscopes
Used to see smaller organelles/ bacteria

2. Electron Microscope Images
TEM image of a Chloroplast
SEM image of cilia

3. The original life form split into 3 groups
Archaea and Bacteria have no membrane- bound organelles
Eukaryotes have membrane- bound organelles

4. The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria, Archaea)
No organelles
DNA floating
Ribosomes
Makes some proteins
Cell Wall

5. © Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc

6. Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell

7. Our Cells - Eukaryotes DNA encased in membrane-bound nucleus
Compartmentalized organelles
Approx 10 times as large as bacterial cells

8. Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Fungi and Protists
Protists are eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi

9. Differences between Animal and Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
More rigid, regular shape
Animal cells
No cell wall
More flexible
Smaller vacuoles
Have things called centrioles

10. Eukaryotic Cells (Plant vs. Animal)
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

11. Phospholipids

12. Membranes 2 layers of phospholipids
Found both around the cell and around each organelle
Controls what gets in and what gets out

13. DNA controls production of proteins and activity of cell
Nucleus
Stores DNA
DNA controls production of proteins and activity of cell

14. Nucleus with Nuclear Pores (TEM x 73,200)
Ribosomes
DNA
Cytosol
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at

15. Assemble proteins, based on DNA instruction
Ribosomes
Assemble proteins, based on DNA instruction

16. Nucleolus (plural – nucleoli)
Spherical structure(s) found within nucleus
Make ribosomes
Not related to DNA

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes lipids, like membrane
Rough ER wraps proteins in membrane to make a vesicle

18. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes (TEM x61,560)
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at

19. Golgi Apparatus
Warehouse- modifies and ships vesicles from the rough ER

20. Golgi Apparatus, (TEM x145,700)
Vesicles
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at

21. Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down macromolecules, dead organelles, infectious bacteria etc.

22. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Found in plants, animals and fungi
Aerobic cellular respiration
Found only in plants, algae
Photosynthesis

23. Mitochondria, (TEM x190,920)
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at

24. Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus (TEM x20,740).
Ribosomes
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at

25. Plant Cell
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Chloroplasts
Nucleus

26. Chloroplast, (TEM)
Image copyrighted by University of Central Arkansas

27. The Cytoskeleton
Provides structural support and organization of organelles
Also extremely important in cellular movement

28. Microtubules, (TEM x 199,500)
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at

29. Intermediate Filaments

30. Membrane- bound storage compartment
Vacuole
Membrane- bound storage compartment
Stores food, water etc.