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Published byAlberta Hood Modified over 9 years ago
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How We Study Cells Light Microscopes Used to see most of cell/tissues
Electron Microscopes Used to see smaller organelles/ bacteria
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Electron Microscope Images
TEM image of a Chloroplast SEM image of cilia
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The original life form split into 3 groups
Archaea and Bacteria have no membrane- bound organelles Eukaryotes have membrane- bound organelles
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The Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria, Archaea)
No organelles DNA floating Ribosomes Makes some proteins Cell Wall
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© Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc
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Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell
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Our Cells - Eukaryotes DNA encased in membrane-bound nucleus
Compartmentalized organelles Approx 10 times as large as bacterial cells
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Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Fungi and Protists
Protists are eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi
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Differences between Animal and Plant Cells
Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large central vacuole More rigid, regular shape Animal cells No cell wall More flexible Smaller vacuoles Have things called centrioles
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Eukaryotic Cells (Plant vs. Animal)
Plant Cell Animal Cell
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Phospholipids
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Membranes 2 layers of phospholipids
Found both around the cell and around each organelle Controls what gets in and what gets out
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DNA controls production of proteins and activity of cell
Nucleus Stores DNA DNA controls production of proteins and activity of cell
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Nucleus with Nuclear Pores (TEM x 73,200)
Ribosomes DNA Cytosol This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
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Assemble proteins, based on DNA instruction
Ribosomes Assemble proteins, based on DNA instruction
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Nucleolus (plural – nucleoli)
Spherical structure(s) found within nucleus Make ribosomes Not related to DNA
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes lipids, like membrane Rough ER wraps proteins in membrane to make a vesicle
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes (TEM x61,560)
This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
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Golgi Apparatus Warehouse- modifies and ships vesicles from the rough ER
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Golgi Apparatus, (TEM x145,700)
Vesicles This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
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Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes
Breaks down macromolecules, dead organelles, infectious bacteria etc.
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Found in plants, animals and fungi Aerobic cellular respiration Found only in plants, algae Photosynthesis
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Mitochondria, (TEM x190,920) This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
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Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus (TEM x20,740).
Ribosomes Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
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Plant Cell Cell Wall Mitochondria Nucleolus Chloroplasts Nucleus
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Chloroplast, (TEM) Image copyrighted by University of Central Arkansas
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The Cytoskeleton Provides structural support and organization of organelles Also extremely important in cellular movement
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Microtubules, (TEM x 199,500) This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
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Intermediate Filaments
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Membrane- bound storage compartment
Vacuole Membrane- bound storage compartment Stores food, water etc.
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