1. Connectors Name: Imran Khan M. I am coming from Junagadh
I am working at OM Inst. of Engg. & Tech., Junagadh as Asst. Prof. in English
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2. Unit : 7 Connectors
Everybody laughs the same in every language because laughter is a universal connector
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3. Unit : 7 Connectors So Which Who Where Whom When Whose Why English

4. Types of Sentences
Simple:
Compound:
Complex:
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5. Types of Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate Compound:
Complex:
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6. Types of Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate
Compound: Two simple sentences joined by Conjunction
Complex:
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7. Types of Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate
Compound: Two simple sentences joined by Conjunction
Complex: Main clause and sub-ordinate clause joined by Connector
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8. Simple Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate English
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9. Simple Sentences What is Predicate?
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10. Simple Sentences
Predicate is statement about the subject or it is a part of sentence except the subject
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11. Simple Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate I am a teacher
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12. Simple Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate
Subject I am a teacher Predicate
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13. Mostly subjects are in one word
Predicate I
am a teacher We
are friends
You
are my cousin
They
have gone to Mumbai He
is preparing for exam
She
is a sincere student It
can run fast
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14. Subjects containing more than one word
Predicate
The girl in a red saree
is my sister
The books on that table
are mine
The plants with yellow flowers
are beautiful
The book he bought
is very costly
The news I heard
was very surprising
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15. Subject The plants with yellow flowers Predicate are beautiful .
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16. Compound Sentences
Compound: two simple sentences joined with conjunction such as and, but, so, therefore, yet, etc….
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17. ‘So’ Ex. English Connectors
So : This connector is used to indicate the consequences as well as the reason.
Ex.
She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come
I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend
The machine is out of order so the production is delayed
The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished them
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18. Compound Sentences with ‘so’
Simple Sentence no. 1
Clause showing reason
Clause showing result
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19. Compound Sentences with ‘so’
Ex.
She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come
I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend
The machine is out of order so the production is delayed
The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him
Sub
Predicate
conjunction
She
has lot of work pending so
she
is not able to come I
Was very tired
could not go out with my friend
The machine
is out of order
the production
is delayed
The students
did not complete the work
the teacher
punished him
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20. and Raju is my friend. Mahesh is my friend. (Simple)
Raju and Mahesh are my friends. (Simple)
Reena is clever. Reena is sincere.
Reena is clever and sincere.
Aditi is a good dancer. Madri is a good dancer.
Aditi and Madri are good dancers.
The question paper was very tough. It was very lengthy.
The question paper was very tough and lengthy.
The train entered a tunnel. Immediately the lights went on.
The train entered a tunnel and the lights went on.
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21. but / yet / still (opposite sentences)
Anila works diligently. She doesn’t get promotion.
Anila works diligently yet she doesn’t get promotion.
He is very helpful. This time he could not stand by me.
He is very helpful but this time he could not stand by me.
He put trust on her. She did not work honestly.
He put trust on her still she did not work honestly.
I tried hard to get it done. It was not possible.
I tried hard to get it done but it was not possible.
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22. Or / Otherwise (used to show choice between the two)
You should work hard. You will fail.
You should work hard otherwise you will fail.
Ramiz will come. His father will come.
Ramiz or his father will come.
Go. Sit quietly.
Go or sit quietly
Be aware. You will have to pay for this.
Be aware otherwise / or you will have to pay for this.
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23. Complex Sentences
Complex: main clause and sub-ordinate clause Connected by Connector such as Who Whom Whose Which Where When and Why Sub-ordinate clause depends on the main clause
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24. Formulation
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25. Formulation
Main Clause
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26. Formulation
Main Clause +
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27. Main Clause + Subordinate Clause
Formulation
Main Clause + Subordinate Clause
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28. What do we mean by Main Clause and Subordinate Clause?
Formulation
What do we mean by Main Clause and Subordinate Clause?
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29. Formulation
Main Clause:
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30. Formulation
Main Clause: Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own.
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31. Formulation
Subordinate Clause: Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.
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32. Formulation
Main Clause: Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own. Subordinate Clause: Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.
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33. Examples Complex Sentence Main Clause with individual meaning
Subordinate Clause that depends on main clause
I get up when it is 7 o’clock
I get up
when it is 7 o’clock
She knows the boy whom you are asking about
She knows the boy
whom you are asking about
The engineer whose work you like is my brother
The engineer is my brother
whose work you like
I know the place which you talked about
I know the place
which you talked about
This is the school where my father is working as a clerk
This is the school
where my father is working as a clerk
What was the date when Gandhiji was assassinated?
What was the date
when Gandhiji was assassinated?
I don’t know why he is absent today
I don’t know
why he is absent today
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34. Complex Sentences
A dependent clause may refer to a noun or pronoun in the main clause and may be joined with the main clause by such connectors as Who Which Whose Whom
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35. because, since, for, as (used to show choice between the two)
I was happy. I had come first in class.
I was happy because I had come first in class.
You have no ticket. You cannot go in.
You cannot go in for you have no ticket.
It’s Sunday. I feel relaxed.
Since it’s Sunday, I feel relaxed.
AS it’s Sunday, I feel relaxed.
Because it’s Sunday, I feel relaxed.
For it’s Sunday, I feel relaxed.
English Connectors

36. Connectors and their usage
Refers to…
Who
human being (noun or pronoun)
Whom
Whose
Which
Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or pronoun)
Where
Place
When
Time
Why
Reason
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37. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Who
human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 1
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 2
He was a great painter.
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore who was a great painter
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38. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Who
human being
here: The girl
Clause 1
The girl is my neighbor.
Clause 2
She is in a red saree.
The girl who is in a red saree is my neighbor
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39. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whom
human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore – the object of the main clause
Clause 1
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
Clause 2
Gandhiji called him ‘gurudev’.
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore whom Gandhiji called ‘gurudev’.
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40. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whom
human being
Here: person
Clause 1
I know the person
Clause 2
The principal was scolding him
I know the person whom the principal was scolding
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41. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whose
human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 1
Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet.
Clause 2
His Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.
Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet whose Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.
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42. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whose
human being
Here: Mr. Aanand
Clause 1
Mr. Aanand is my friend.
Clause 2
His photographs are nominated for the National award.
Mr. Aanand whose photographs are nominated for the National award is my friend
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43. Which English Connectors Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause) Refers to
Examples
Which
Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or pronoun)
here: Gitanjali
Clause 1
Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali.
Clause 2
It is a collection of poems.
Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali which is a collection of poems.
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44. Which English Connectors Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause) Refers to
Examples
Which
Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or pronoun)
Here: Project
Clause 1
The students are working on a project
Clause 2
It is going to help them a lot
The students are working on a project which is going to help them a lot
A project which the students are working on is going to help them a lot
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45. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Where
Place
here: Shantiniketan Ashram
Clause 1
[ends with place word]
This is Shantiniketan Ashram.
Clause 2
Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev here
This is Shantiniketan Ashram where Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev.
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46. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Where
Place
Here: hospital
Clause 1
[ends with place word]
This is the hospital
Clause 2
My father is working as a doctor here
This is the hospital where my father is working as a doctor
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47. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
When
Time
here: 1941 (year)
Clause 1
[ends with time word]
It was 1941
Clause 2
Gurudev passed away.
It was 1941 when gurudev passed away.
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48. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
When
Time
here: season
Clause 1
[ends with time word]
Autumn is the season
Clause 2
All the trees shed their leaves in it
Autumn is the season when all the trees shed their leaves
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49. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Why
Reason
here: reason
Clause 1
[ends with reason word]
Nobody knows the reason
Clause 2
He left the job
Nobody knows the reason why he left the job (Adjective Clause)
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50. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Why
Reason
here: I don’t know
Clause 1
[ends with reason word]
I don’t know
Clause 2
She is absent today
I don’t know why she is absent today (Adverb Clause of Reason)
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51. Assistant Professor (English) OM engineering College, Junagadh
Thanks a lot !!!
I.M.Khan
Assistant Professor (English)
OM engineering College, Junagadh
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