2. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: did not change: went up a little: went up very quickly: arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

3. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: went up a little: went up very quickly: arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

4. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable went up a little: went up very quickly: arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

5. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: went up very quickly: arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

6. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

7. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

8. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up rose sharply arrived at its highest point: went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

9. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up rose sharply arrived at its highest point: had reached a peak went up noticeably over a period: went down: went down gradually over a period:

10. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up rose sharply arrived at its highest point: had reached a peak went up noticeably over a period: a marked upward trend went down: went down gradually over a period:

11. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up rose sharply arrived at its highest point: had reached a peak went up noticeably over a period: a marked upward trend went down: had fallen to went down gradually over a period:

12. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up rose sharply arrived at its highest point: had reached a peak went up noticeably over a period: a marked upward trend went down: had fallen to another small drop went down gradually over a period:

13. Find phrases from the text which mean: went up and down frequently: fluctuated a great deal did not change: remained stable stayed at this level went up a little: there was a small increase went up very quickly: the figure shot up rose sharply arrived at its highest point: had reached a peak went up noticeably over a period: a marked upward trend went down: had fallen to another small drop went down gradually over a period: a steady downward trend

15. 1. There 2. Temperature 3. There 4. DVD sales 5. The use of alternative energy sources 6. There

16. 1. There was a sharp rise in the price of oil. 2. Temperature 3. There 4. DVD sales 5. The use of alternative energy sources 6. There

17. 1. There was a sharp rise in the price of oil. 2. Temperature increases noticeably from May onwards. 3. There 4. DVD sales 5. The use of alternative energy sources 6. There

18. 1. There was a sharp rise in the price of oil. 2. Temperature increases noticeably from May onwards. 3. There has been a dramatic fall in the number of people attending the theatre. 4. DVD sales 5. The use of alternative energy sources 6. There

19. 1. There was a sharp rise in the price of oil. 2. Temperature increases noticeably from May onwards. 3. There has been a dramatic fall in the number of people attending the theatre. 4. DVD sales had risen steadily for the first six months of the year. 5. The use of alternative energy sources 6. There

20. 1. There was a sharp rise in the price of oil. 2. Temperature increases noticeably from May onwards. 3. There has been a dramatic fall in the number of people attending the theatre. 4. DVD sales had risen steadily for the first six months of the year. 5. The use of alternative energy sources has grown rapidly. 6. There

21. 1. There was a sharp rise in the price of oil. 2. Temperature increases noticeably from May onwards. 3. There has been a dramatic fall in the number of people attending the theatre. 4. DVD sales had risen steadily for the first six months of the year. 5. The use of alternative energy sources has grown rapidly. 6. There was a significant increase in the popularity of extreme sports during the 1990s.

23.  Apple sales fell by a quarter.  Banana sales  Apricot sales  Lemon sales  Plum sales  Pineapple sales

24.  Apple sales fell by a quarter.  Banana sales fell by a third.  Apricot sales  Lemon sales  Plum sales  Pineapple sales

25.  Apple sales fell by a quarter.  Banana sales fell by a third.  Apricot sales tripled.  Lemon sales  Plum sales  Pineapple sales

26.  Apple sales fell by a quarter.  Banana sales fell by a third.  Apricot sales tripled.  Lemon sales rose by a third.  Plum sales  Pineapple sales

27.  Apple sales fell by a quarter.  Banana sales fell by a third.  Apricot sales tripled.  Lemon sales rose by a third.  Plum sales halved.  Pineapple sales

28.  Apple sales fell by a quarter.  Banana sales fell by a third.  Apricot sales tripled.  Lemon sales rose by a third.  Plum sales halved.  Pineapple sales rose by a quarter.

30. 1. DVD players

31. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled.

32. 2. CD players

33. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter.

34. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter. 3. Televisions

35. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter. 3. Televisions rose by just over/slightly more than a third.

36. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter. 3. Televisions rose by just over/slightly more than a third. 4. Radios

37. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter. 3. Televisions rose by just over/slightly more than a third. 4. Radios rose by slightly more than/just over a quarter.

38. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter. 3. Televisions rose by just over/slightly more than a third. 4. Radios rose by slightly more than/just over a quarter. 5. Video Recorders

39. 1. DVD players nearly/approximately/almost doubled. 2. CD players fell by just under/approximately/nearly a quarter. 3. Televisions rose by just over/slightly more than a third. 4. Radios rose by slightly more than/just over a quarter. 5. Video Recorders approximately halved.

41.  1. In/During…

42.  2. …at…

43.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…

44.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…  4. During…

45.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…  4. During…  5. …after/from/at…

46.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…  4. During…  5. …after/from/at…  6. Before/Until/In…

47.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…  4. During…  5. …after/from/at…  6. Before/Until/In…  7. …by…

48.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…  4. During…  5. …after/from/at…  6. Before/Until/In…  7. …by…  8. …until/to…

49.  1. In/During…  2. …at…  3. …to/until…  4. During…  5. …after/from/at…  6. Before/Until/In…  7. …by…  8. …until/to…  9. …since…

50.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up  $17 to reach about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached a  peak nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

51.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up  $17 to reach about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached a  peak nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

52.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up  $17 to reach about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached a  peak nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

53.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached a  peak nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

54.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached a  peak nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

55.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

56.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

57.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged to $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

58.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged to $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated around $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

59.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged to $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated around $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise of $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

60.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged to $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated around $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise of $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased by almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up a  peak of $50 per barrel.

61.  The chart shows fluctuations in the price of crude oil over a thirty five year period, and clearly illustrates how oil prices are affected by world events.  In general there has been an upward trend in the price of crude oil since 1970, when it was only $1.30 per barrel. The oil embargo of the early 1970s, however, caused the price to rise sharply to nearly $11 per barrel. The crisis ended soon afterwards,  but the price remained at around $11 to $13 per barrel until 1979. The Iranian revolution of that year had a huge impact on oil prices, which shot up by  $17 to reach (-) about $30 per barrel in the same year.  The following Iran-Iraq war caused a further increase, and the price reached (-) a  peak of nearly $36 in 1980. From that point until 1985, the price fell steadily. However, from 1985 to 1986 the price suddenly plunged to $13. For the next few years the price fluctuated around $14, but with the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 there was a sudden rise of $5. The price quickly fell again and remained stable for most of the 1990s.  Things changed once again at the end of the decade, and from 1999 to 2000 the price increased by almost $10 per barrel. Despite a slight drop in 2000, the rise  continued and by the end of the period, the price of crude oil had shot up to a  peak of $50 per barrel.