1. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Chapter 9: Recognizing Basic Patterns of Organization Essential Reading Skills Third Edition Kathleen McWhorter

2. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. What Are Patterns of Organization? Writers use a variety of patterns of organization to present their ideas so that readers can easily find the main points.

3. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Common Patterns of Organization 1.Example 2.Definition 3.Chronological Order and Process 4.Listing

4. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Example Pattern The main idea in the topic sentence is supported by an example or several examples. In a longer writing, a separate paragraph may be used for each example.

5. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Transitions Used with the Example Pattern Many pets, such as cats and parakeets, provide companionship for their owners. For example For instance Such as

6. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Map of Example Pattern MAIN IDEA Example

7. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Definition Pattern Ask these questions: 1.What is being defined? 2.What makes it different from other items or ideas?

8. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Map of Definition Pattern Term Distinguishing Feature

9. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Combining Definition & Example Patterns Term Distinguishing Feature Examples

10. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Chronological Order Pattern The writer tells a story with events in chronological order. Time Sequence—order in which something occurs. Starts with first event, continues with the second event, and so on. Uses dates and time transition words such as: first, next, and finally.

11. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Transitions: Chronological & Process Patterns firstbeforefollowing secondafterlast laterthenduring nextin additionwhen anotheralsountil as soon asfinallymeanwhile

12. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Process Order Process refers to the order in which something is done or occurs. The writer explains how something is done or made. how to put together a bookcase how to knit a sweater how bees make honey

13. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Map of Process Pattern vs. Chronological Pattern Process: Chronological Order: Earliest EventMost Recent Event Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4 Step 5

14. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Listing Specific steps or time sequences are not important. Order is determined by how the author wants to present it. Example: Telling a friend about three movies.

15. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Map of Listing Pattern MAIN IDEA Item

16. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Combining Patterns of Organization Often patterns are combined in the writing of textbooks, novels, magazine articles, and newspapers. Definition & Example Chronological Order and Listing

17. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Test-Taking Tip #9: Answering Questions About Patterns Study the transition words; these may suggest a pattern. Ask: “How does the author explain his or her main idea?” A question may not use the exact term “pattern”, but it may be asking you to identify the pattern.

18. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Visit the Companion Website http://www.ablongman.com/mcwhorter