1. Understand the preparation of fashion merchandise buying plans.
FM 2.02
Understand the preparation of fashion merchandise buying plans.

2. Role of Retail buyers in the fashion industry
Responsible for selecting and purchasing goods for their companies.
Could be a specific department or classification
Could be for an entire retail store
ALWAYS consider company image and watch activities of competitors.
Must make a profit for the company when the goods are sold.
Estimate future demand for merchandise for the target clientele of their stores, catalogs, websites, etc.
Determine the quantities and timing for various styles, colors, sizes, prices, and fashion emphasis.

3. Role of Retail buyers in the fashion industry (cont)
Follow company policy as to breadth and depth of stock while trying to make the highest possible profit.
Notice changes in people’s living patterns, preferences, and tastes. Correctly “reading” customers’ tastes involves skill and practice.
Recognize what people want, when they will want it, and what they will be willing to pay for it.
Predict quantities the market can absorb.
Accurately forecast what merchandise will appeal to their customers

4. Difference between internal and external information used for merchandise planning
Internal information can be found within a retail company
Internal examples:
Past sales records
Customer feedback to salespeople
Want slips
Consumer polls
Company merchandising bureaus

5. Difference between internal and external information used for merchandise planning
External information can be found outside the retail company
External examples:
Vendors
Trade information (publications, shows, industry statistics)
Comparison shoppers
Resident buying officers/consulting services
Fashion forecasters

6. Financial and merchandise assortment influence fashion buying plans
Buyers plan balanced proportions of styles, colors, sizes, and price points.
A fashion assortment lists each item by SKU number, including size, price, and color.
An assortment plan for a store with branches indicates what specific items are allotted to each branch store.
The goal is a balanced assortment (an ideal stock situation) which has sufficient items to meet demand with breadth and depth to satisfy all customers.

7. Financial and merchandise assortment influence fashion buying plans
Merchandise assortment plans
Basic stock plan
Proposed purchase list composed of commodity goods, such as blue jeans, underwear, and men’s dress shirts.
These are basic items with consistent demand, dependable, and quite predictable.
Model stock plan
Mostly fashion merchandise.
Includes items that have strong customer appeal for a limited time.
Always changing as fashion rise and then fall out of favor.
Demand is harder to predict.
Deals with unpredictability and higher risk.
More likely the goods will have to be lowered in price to clear the inventory

8. Financial and merchandise assortment influence fashion buying plans
Financial assortment plans
Dollar merchandise plan
Estimated dollar amount for planned, stock, sales, and profit for the department for a six month period
Two periods are February – July and August – January.
Based on analysis of last year’s plan and results.
Stock –to-Sales ratio
Shows dollar sales volume in relation to the dollar value of average inventory
Determines stock needed at the beginning of each month based on past sales figures of how fast the particular items of a department or category sell.
Related to stock turnover.
Indicates an average figure for a certain time span.
Is a figure for a specific point in time.
Guides to help estimate the amount of stock required in relation to sales.

9. Financial and merchandise assortment influence fashion buying plans
Open to buy
Dollar or merchandise unit amount buyers are permitted to order for their stores or departments for a specified time period
Controlled device, calculated weekly or monthly.
Purpose is to maintain the proper mix and level of goods.
Available OTB is what can be spent or number of items that can be purchased at the current time.
Present inventory and goods on order are deducted from the original allocation of planned purchases to arrive at the amount.

10. Types of merchandise resource used in selecting vendors
Manufacturers
Wholesalers
Websites
Catalogs (paper or video)
Importers

11. Selecting Merchandise Resources
Chapter 15
Selecting Merchandise Resources
Wholesalers purchase large quantities of goods from manufacturers, store the goods, and sell small quantities to retailers
They are used mostly for convenience goods
Websites and catalogs are used to source goods, usually basic items
Sales catalogs contain item photos or drawings and sometimes fabric swatches
“Video catalogs” may be sent on CDs

12. Chapter 15
Importers
Importers’ merchandise is produced overseas, usually in countries with low wage rates
The goods are sold through showrooms in the American market
Foreign producers sometimes have agents in this country that take orders
Mass merchandise retailers buy a great amount of foreign goods from overseas manufacturers

13. Evaluating Vendor Attributes
Chapter 15
Evaluating Vendor Attributes
A vendor’s merchandise must be suited to the retailer’s customer group, price, quality, fit, and fashion level
Business policies must be compatible
Vendor services might include training of salespeople and promotional assistance
To maximize vendor services, the concept of floor- ready merchandise (FRM) is often specified

14. Chapter 15
Vendor Services
FRM means that items shipped to the store are ready to go directly onto the selling floor without additional preparation
Turnaround time for orders is an important consideration
Buyers keep files on vendors used through the years with contact information and notes on performance

15. Selecting Specific Resources
Chapter 15
Selecting Specific Resources
Buyers should establish a well-selected group of vendors while being alert for new sources
Key resources or preferred vendor lists are developed for each category of goods
Classification resources are vendors that specialize in certain products
A company must consider the number of resources needed to achieve its goals

16. Selecting Specific Resources
Chapter 15
Selecting Specific Resources
Buyers should regularly determine if their vendors are keeping pace with ever-changing customer buying patterns
A new, efficient method is “e-sourcing” through global online networks to which vendors and retail buyers subscribe
Buyers can send requests to many manufacturers of specific types of goods