1. Hearing Kelsey Dowler, Heather Kollmeyer, Sean Feher, John Bolhofner, Olivia H. Scott, Nicole Neely If a tree falls in a forest, & no ones around to hear it, Does it make a sound?

2. Some Vocab Transduction: conductionof sound to electrical impulse Audition: hearing, understanding sound waves. Auditory. Hertz (Hz): cycles per second of sound waves. Decibel: power of the sound wave, intensity. Pitch: higher or lower sounds, subjective by person, sound. Sensation: Perception of awareness of stimuli

3. Adaption: change to fit circumstances Weber’s law: perceived and actual magnitudes of sound Fechner’s law: That perceived perception changes with your point of reference Steven Power’s law: actual magnitude and perceived JND: “just noticeable difference” smallest detected difference by senses Absolute threshold: smallest detectable stimuli Differential Threshold: least amount of change in a stimuli to remain undetectable.

4. Signal Detection Theory: change in thresholds under circumstance Subliminal Stimuli/perception: played below or backwards in audible noise. Ossicles: Bones in the middle ear. Transmit sound. Oval window: opening from middle ear to inner ear, membrane-covered. Vibrations Basilar membrane: thin hair lined strip in the cochlea Organ of Corti: inner ear, hair cells pick up fluid- borne vibrations.

5. Tectorial Membrane: covers hair cells, gel-like Place Theory: Basilar membrane, neural codes, pitches, auditory cortex Frequency Theory: Sound wave, firing rates, vibration Conduction Deafness: sound waves, nerve energy, conduction, vibrations Sensorineural Deafness: inner ear, central processing, mild moderte, complete deafness Central deafness: Auditory pathway, verbal, or nonverbal sounds, Cochlear implant: surgically implanted electronic device “bionic ear”

6. Vibrations to Sound “Sound is not a physical phenomenon. Rather sound is a purely psychological sensation that requires an ear to produce it” (Zimbardo 128) SEE Kelsey for Explanation :):)

7. www.nad.org/nad-2009 www.nad.org N.A.D Deaf Culture: Social Beliefs, Behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, sign language

8. Bibliography National Association of the Deaf. NAD, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. (movie) New York State Dept. of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. (picture) Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford university press, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. Zimbardo, P. G., Johnson, R. L., Weber, A. L., & Gruber, C. W. (2007). Psychology (AP* ed., ). New York, NY: Allyn and Bacon.