2. 2011’s EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A GLOBAL WAKE-UP-CALL: OUR CITIES MUST BECOME DISASTER RESILIENT Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

3. 2011 showed that a city’s ability to avoid catastrophic mortality, morbidity, and economic losses depends upon its resilience (i.e., the capability to take a hit from a natural hazard and bounce back after it happens).

4. 2011’s MAIN LESSON DISASTERS and CATASTROPHES OCCUR WHEN ALL FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE ARE NOT IN PLACE.

5. YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK ANTICIPATORY DECISIONS BEST POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR: PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION RESPONSE & RECOVERY 4 PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

6. 2011’s NOTABLE NEAR- DISASTERS, DISASTERS, AND CATASTROPHES

7. NOTABLE DISASTERS AND CATASTROPHES DURING 2011 FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN JAPAN WILDFIRES IN ARIZONA AND TEXAS HURRICANE IRENE AND TROPIAL STORM LEE FLOODS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI River SUPER TORNADO OUTBREAK CATALYSTS FOR CHANGE NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR COMMUNITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

8. MONSOON RAIN-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES KILL AT LEAST 700 IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL ALTHOUGH RAINFALL IN MID-JANUARY IS COMMON, A MONTH’S RAINFALL IN 24 HOURS IS NOT JANUARY 13-20, 2011

9. 5 MILLION BRAZILIANS LIVE IN HIGH-RISK AREAS Five million Brazilians live in 500 areas deemed at high risk for landslides and 300 areas at high risk for flooding.

10. NOVO FRIBURGO: DEBRIS

11. MONSTER WINTER STORM IMPACTS USA’S MIDWEST AND NEW ENGLAND STATES From ice in Texas to too much snow in New England FEBRUARY 1-2, 2011

12. MONSTER WINTER STORM ( FLORIDA IS LOWER RIGHT ): FEB 1

13. CYCLONE YASI STRIKES NORTHERN QUEENSLAND STATE, AUSTRALIA CAT 5 monster storm made landfall with winds gusting to 300 km/hr FEBRUARY 2-3, 2011

14. CYCLONE YASI: A TROPICAL DISTURBANCE ON JANUARY 25

15. WILDFIRES RAGED OUT OF CONTROL IN WEST TEXAS AND TEXAS PANHAMDLE DROUGHT - AND WIND- AIDED WILDFIRES SCORCHED 80,000 -100,000 ACRES MARCH 12 - APRIL 11, 2011

16. WILDFIRE IN TEXAS PANHANDLE Billowing smoke caused by a wildfire in the Texas Panhandle near Borger, Texas, Sunday, March 12, 2006.

17. M9.0 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI DEVASTATED JAPAN 4TH LARGEST QUAKE EVER 3 – 100 M TSUNAMI WAVES 2:46 pm MARCH 11, 2011

18. DISASTER RISKS FACED BY JAPAN EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS TYPHOONS FLOODS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE GOAL: REDUCE DISASTER RISK

19. TSUNAMI WAVE PATH

20. PASSENGERS STRANDED: SENDAI STATION

21. FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR FACILITY HAD 3 FAILURES

22. DEVASTATING LANDSLIDE IN THE PHILIPPINES INDUCED BY HEAVY RAIN 22 MINERS TRAPPED, BUT ONLY 3 DEATHS 2:30 am, GOOD FRIDAY, APRIL 22, 2011

23. DEVASTATING LANDSLIDE IN THE PHILIPPINES

24. SEARCH AND RESCUE

25. 164 TORNADOS IN 24 HOURS IMPACTED 7 SOUTHEASTERN STATES MS HIT BY EF5 AND AL BY EF4 TORNADOES OVERALL DEATH TOLL REACHED 350 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27- THURSDAY, APRIL 28, 2011

26. TUSCALOOSA, AL: 15 TH STREET DAMAGE; APRIL 27, 2011

27. SAVING DOWNSTREAM CITIES AND REFINERIES WAS THE GOAL AS MISSISSIPPI RIVER CRESTED IN MEMPHIS AND FLOOD WATERS MOVED SOUTHWARD MONDAY, MAY 9, 2011

28. THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER LOOKING LIKE AN OCEAN, NOT A RIVER: MAY 9

29. WORST SINGLE TORNADO SINCE 1953 STRIKES JOPLIN, MISSOURI REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER TAKES A DIRECT HIT AT LEAST 116 DEATHS SUNDAY, MAY 22, 2011

30. WARNING SYSTEMS Tornado sirens blared, giving residents10 to 17 minutes of warning.

31. THE STORM SYSTEM AT 6:20 PM SATURDAY, MAY 21: TOPEKA, KS

32. EARLY SUNDAY MORNING: BAD WEATHER

33. MAY 23: At daybreak, rescue crews were looking at piles of 2,000 damaged buildings, splintered houses and crushed cars, house after house reduced to slabs, cars crushed like soda cans, ---

34. CONTINUED: ---Shaken residents roamed streets in search of missing family members, fires from gas leaks burning across town, and more violent weather looming.

35. ST JOHNS REGIONAL MEDICAL CEN- TER TOOK A DIRECT HIT: JOPLIN, MO

36. HEAVY DAMAGE ALONG ½ MILE- WIDE - 6 MILE LONG PATH

37. RECORD FLOODING IN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA: MUDSLIDES EXACERBATED DISASTER IN S KOREA SHARP CONTRAST IN INFORMATION TUESDAY, JULY 20 - THURSDAY, JULY 28, 2011

38. CHRONOLOGY OF THE DISASTER The heaviest rainfall to impact N and S Korea in a century started on Tuesday, July 20 th. The Han River, which runs through Seoul, reached its highest point just before dawn on Sunday, July 25 th

39. NORTH KOREA: SATURDAY, JULY 24, 2011

40. SOUTH KOREA: 100,000 SOLDIERS MOBILIZED FOR SEARCH/RESCUE

41. FLOODING IN BANKOK, THAILAND AREA Worst flooding in 50 Years JULY - OCTOBER, 2011

42. OVER 370 DEAD AND LOSSES IN EXCESS OF $6 BILLION FROM PROLONGED FLOODING

43. BANGKOK: A FLOODED BEAUTY SALON

44. SANDBAGGING: CHAO PRAYA RIVER

45. IRENE: A $7 BILLION DISASTER Ninth Storm and the First Hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic Basin Storm Season August 21 to August 30 2011

46. AUG 28: FORECAST OF IRENE’S EXIT

47. TYPHOON ROKE STRIKES JAPAN Three Weeks after Typhoon Talas (killed 67), and a M6.6 Earthquake September 21, 2011

48. PATH OF TYPHOON TALAS

49. EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND A SHALLOW (4.1 KM), M6.3 QUAKE LOCATED 5 KM FROM CHRISTCHURCH (USGS) STRUCK AT NOON ON A WORK DAY

50. EPICENTRES: SEPT 2010 AND FEB 2011 EARTHQUAKES

51. THE SHALLOW, 20 KM (12 MILE) DEEP, SMALLER EARTHQUAKE WAS MUCH MORE DESTRUCTIVE THAN THE DEEPER, LARGER EARTHQUAKE

52. M7.2 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES VAN PROVINCE IN EASTERN TURKEY 600 DEAD 1:41 PM (6:41 AM EDT), OCTOBER 24, 2011

53. COLLAPSED BUILDINGS: TABALANI

54. GAMALAMA ERUPTS IN INDONESIA eruption began at 11 :00 PM Extensive Mudflows Triggered DECEMBER 4, 2011

55. 1715-M-HIGH VOLCANO GAMALAMA

56. GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE FLOODS SEVERE WIND STORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TSUNAMIS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS INCREASE TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE INCREASE OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE USE DISASTERS INFO TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

57. TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO DISASTER RESILIENCE USE EDUCATIONAL SURGES TO CREATE TURNING POINTS

58. BUILDING CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE Identify the gaps in community capacity in the four critical elements of the solution. Concentrate resources on filling the gaps in the four critical elements of the solution and start creating turning points for changing FROM NON-RESILIENT TO RESILIENT.

59. 4 CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND) PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT) PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND)

60. 4 CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AVAIN) RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY) RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AVAIN)