1. 2 nd 6 Weeks 3 Week Test Review

2. Topic to study… Digestive System Physical / Chemical changes in digestion Energy Transformations Large Molecules Breakdown Organic Compounds Excretory System

3. 1. What function does the excretory system do for your body? The Excretory System removes waste from the body.

4. 2. What system is responsible for breaking down nutrients to provide energy for your body? Digestive System

5. 3. What are the major organs of the digestive system and what job do they perform? Liver: produces bile, a liquid that is stored in the gall bladder. Bile is released into the small intestine, where it breaks up large fat molecules Pancreas: enzymes made here help break down carbohydrates and protein in small intestine.

6. Stomach: grinds the food into smaller pieces, gastric juices and acids break apart large protein molecules. Small Intestine: Nutrients are absorbed through the villi, where most digestion occurs. Large Intestine: Material can not be digested, liquids are absorbed, the solid is waste we call feces that leaves the body through the rectum and anus.

7. 4. What occurs in the stomach? Muscles in the stomach grind food into smaller pieces. Gastric Juice and hydrochloric acid made in the stomach breaks apart large protein molecules.

8. 5. What occurs in the small and large intestines? Materials that cannot be digested move into the large intestine. The large intestine absorbs much of the water still trapped in the food waste. The solid that remains is called feces.

9. 6. Breakdown of food in the mouth is an example of what type of change? Mechanical: Teeth grind food into smaller pieces. Chemical: Saliva begins to break down complex starches into smaller sugars.

10. 7. Identify various physical and chemical changes that occur in digestion and label each. Physical: Teeth break down food into smaller pieces / stomach muscles grind food into smaller pieces Chemical: Saliva reacts with food to break it down / Bile reacts to break down fat molecules / Gastric Juice and hydrochloric acid react to break apart large protein molecules / Pancreas produces enzymes that react to break down carbohydrates

11. 8. Differentiate between a physical and chemical change. How are they similar and how are they different? Physical breaks down the appearance but not what the substance is. Chemical breaks down the substance by forming a new substance. Both break particles into smaller pieces

12. 9. What foods contain carbohydrates?

13. 10. What do you call the substances in your mouth which help break down food? Saliva

14. 11. What do you call the substances in your stomach which help break down food? Gastric Juices Hydrochloric Acid

15. 12. What do you call the substances in your pancreas which help break down food? Enzymes

16. 13. Use a flow chart or a diagram to show the transformation of energy from breakfast or lunch through your day.

17. 14. Describe the role of digestion in the transformation of energy. Absorption Chemical / Physical

18. 15.What compound is broken down in the digestive system for energy? Food / Nutrients Carbohydrates to sugars

19. 16. How are foods broken down in the digestive system? http://interactivehuman.blogspot.com/2008 /05/digestion-interactive-game-for- kids.htmlhttp://interactivehuman.blogspot.com/2008 /05/digestion-interactive-game-for- kids.html Click on link above

20. 17. What are organic compounds? Organic Compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things.

21. 18. What are inorganic compounds? Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. –Examples: Water, Salt, and acids like sulfuric acid

22. Why? –A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings. Life as we know it is carbon based. Carbon compounds in living things include: Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Proteins Fats

23. Carbohydrates are energy-rich compounds made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (CHO) –Function: Cells use carbohydrates to get and store energy. –Examples: Sugars and starches.

24. Proteins are large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. (CHONS) Proteins are made of smaller molecules called amino acids. –Function: Build organelles, build body parts, helps with body defense. –Examples: Hair, nails, enzymes.

25. Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time. They are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (CHO) –Function: Store long term energy. –Examples: Fats, oils, and waxes.

26. 23. What is the function of the excretory system? To rid the body of waste

27. 24. Why is the circulatory system important to the excretory system? The circulatory system transports waste from the cells through out the body in blood to the excretory system. The excretory system gets rid of the waster depending on what type it is.

28. 25. How does the Urinary system function? http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=59257&cat_id=20607

29. 26. How do these systems function together as parts of your excretory system?

30. 20. What is the function of the integrumentarty system? To protect the body from outside forces

31. 21. What is the function of the skin? To protect body from negative things, germs and such, from entering the body

32. The skin has many major functions which include: - - protection of internal organs - sensory response to your environment - formation of vitamin D - regulation of body temperature - removing wastes from the body

33. Skin Structures Three layers of the skin are: 1) Epidermis – the outer, thinnest later of the your skin. 2) Dermis – the layer of cells directly below the epidermis. This layer is thicker than the epidermis and contains many blood vessels, nerves, muscles, oil and sweat glands. 3) Fat layer – the layer below the dermis that insulates the body.

34. Homeostasis is the regulation of an organism’s internal, life- maintaining conditions despite changes in its environment. The skin aids in maintaining homeostasis by maintaining a constant temperature – sweating and dilating blood vessels when hot and constricting blood vessels and making goose bumps when cold. Homeostasis is…

35. www.plummerpumasscience.yolasite.com