1. William Shakespeare’s Macbeth
Introductory Notes

2. Shakespearean Terms
Allusion – a reference to a person, place, event, or a literary work that a writer expects a reader to know (ex. My friend lives on Yellow Brick Road.)
Aside – a brief comment or speech that the audience can hear, but other characters cannot (think out of the side of your mouth)
Characterization – the way a writer gives a character personality traits
Dramatic Irony – where the audience knows something the characters on stage do not (think horror movies)
Foreshadowing – use of hints or clues to suggest something will happen in the future
Imagery – words or phrases that create pictures in a reader’s mind
Internal Conflict – a conflict w/in a person (Hector from The Iliad)

3. Shakespearean Terms (con’t)
Monologue – an extended speech given by one character.
Motif – a recurring name, image, or phrase in a work of literature (ex. The color red in The Sixth Sense.)
Paradox – a self-contradictory phrase that seems to reveal a truth (ex. War creates peace)
Pun – play on words. Example: “I hear the Sylvester Stallone Film Festival got off to a rocky start.”
Situational Irony – when the opposite of an expected situation occurs (ex. A fireman’s house catching fire.)
Soliloquy – an extended speech given by a character alone on stage
Theme – a statement about life that we can learn from the work
Verbal Irony – someone says one thing but, to the audience, means something entirely different

4. Bill Shakespeare (1564 – 1610) Fun Facts:
Born and died on the same day, April 23rd
Never went to college
Married Anne Hathaway when he was 18 (she was 26)
Had 3 kids, including a boy named Hamnet (inspiration for Hamlet); no relatives still living
12 years of his life are unknown; some think he fled London to escape deer poaching charges (abandoned his wife and kids)

5. Shakespeare Con’t: The Globe
The Globe Theater
Shakespeare acted as well as wrote his plays
Females couldn’t act; males played female roles
All classes went; rich sat in stands, poor on the floor, groundlings
Often began with bearbaiting

6. Macbeth Setting: Scotland
Based on an actual 11th Century Scottish King
Plot: a lord’s violent rise to power
Principle Characters:
Macbeth – a fighter who sees his chance at the throne
Lady Macbeth – a wife who must act when her husband cannot
Duncan – the king in power
Witches – the bringers of good/bad fortune

7. The REAL Macbeth(s) Two Different People Combined: Donwald Macbeth
A man named Donwald finds several members of his family killed by the King for dealing w/ witches
Pressured by his wife, he and others plan to kill the King while he’s at their house
Macbeth
Macbeth and his friend meet witches who give them a prophecy
Plots and kills the King
Reigns for 10 years but is overthrown

8. The Curse of the “Scottish Play”
In the drama world, the play’s title is forbidden to be spoken because it is thought that Shakespeare used spells from real witches in his play.
During the first performance the boy playing L. Macbeth got sick and died
King James hated the play it got banned for five years
In 1672, a real dagger was substituted for a fake one, killing Duncan in front of a live audience.

9. The Curse of the “Scottish Play” Con’t
1721, an army had to be called in to break up a fight between the actors and hecklers
1849, 31 people were trampled to death in a riot
1934, the actor playing Macbeth became mute on state; his replacement was hospitalized
1937, a 25 pound weight crashed inches away from Laurence Olivier, thought to be the greatest Shakespeare actor ever.
1937, the director and an actress got into a car accident, and the theater owner died of a heart attack
1942, three actors died during the production
Abraham Lincoln reportedly read the play a week before he died.

10. How to Break the Curse
If the title is said, you must do the following:
The person who said the title of the play must exit the theater, spin around three times and spit over your shoulders, and then must ask to return.
BEWARE!