1. Hydroelectric and Geothermal Energy School/program name Date

2. Background Information (for facilitator) Like that of the wind, the kinetic energy of moving water has been used by humans for thousands of years. Hydroelectric energy depends on the water cycle, which is driven by Earth’s gravity and solar radiation. Most hydroelectric energy is generated by dams that are built across rivers. The water that is stored upstream of the dam holds a large reserve of potential energy. This energy is converted into kinetic energy as the water is channeled through turbines and then release downstream. In most of Earth’s surface layers, groundwater flows slowly through pore spaces. In areas where magma and hot rock are located relatively close to the surface, the groundwater is heated to very high temperatures. In such places, geothermal power plants can be built to convert the kinetic energy of hot water and steam into electrical energy with turbines. In some cases, not enough groundwater is present and water is pumped down into the rock, where it is heated and rises up again where it can be use to spin the turbines.

3. Agenda Opening (30 minutes) Setting the Stage: Hydroelectric Energy (15 minutes) Cyber Investigation (30 minutes) Activity: Waterwheel (40 minutes) Break (15 minutes) Setting the Stage: Geothermal Energy (30 minutes) Activity: Energy Trapped in the Earth (40 minutes) STEM-tastic Careers (30 minutes) Lunch (30 minutes) Recess: Hula Hoop Relay (30 minutes) Engineering Challenge: Got Hot Water? Part 1 (45 minutes) Mind Snacks (15 minutes) Engineering Challenge: Got Hot Water? Parts 2-5 (90 minutes) STEM Camp Notebook Reflection (30 minutes) Wrap Up (5 minutes) Dive Into Digital Project (60 minutes)

4. Learning Objectives To understand the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric energy To understand the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy

5. Today’s Vocabulary Thermal Energy Hydroelectric Power

6. Setting the Stage: Hydroelectric Energy

7. What is Hydroelectric Energy? Video: Glacial Water: A Form of Potential Energy Video: Hydroelectric

8. Cyber Investigation

9. Activity: Waterwheel

10. Setting the Stage: Geothermal Energy

11. What do you think is the source of geothermal energy? Video: Installing the Geothermal Heating and Cooling System

12. Activity: Energy Trapped in the Earth

13. STEMtastic Careers

14. Geologist Hydrologist

15. Engineering Challenge: Got Hot Water?

16. Mind Snacks

17. Engineering Challenge: Got Hot Water?

18. Notebook Reflection How could geothermal energy help power your home or school? What are some of the characteristics of an area that are necessary to harness hydroelectric power?

19. Wrap Up

20. Think about this… What are some important examples of a renewable energy source? What are some examples of a non- renewable energy source?