1. Unit 3 Biotechnology  In its purest form, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

2. Historic Applications of Biotechnology Yeast to make bread rise © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

3. Historic Applications of Biotechnology Yeast to transform fruit and grains into alcoholic beverages © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

4. Historic Applications of Biotechnology Bacteria in milk to produce cheese and yogurt © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

5. Cheese Making

6. The First Biotechnician The first person to SELECT a better dog, horse, sheep, goat, or ox to use as a parent for the next generation. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. ?

7. The First Biotechnician The first person to SELECT a seed from a bigger, or stronger, or juicier plant. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

8. Gregor Mendel—The Father of HEREDITY © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

9. Gregor Mendel—The Father of HEREDITY –He experimented with garden peas. –He observed a definite pattern of visible characteristics from parent to offspring. –He coined the terms DOMINANT and RECESSIVE. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

10. Dominant VS. Recessive

11. DNA—the GENETIC CODE of All Life Deoxyribonucleic acid The transmitter of hereditary information Occurs in pairs of strands linked together Looks like a twisted ladder © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

12. Base Pairs of DNA The genetic alphabet of the language of life Adenine—A Thymine—T Guanine—G Cytosine—C Adenine is always linked to thymine. Guanine is always linked to cytosine. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

13. What Is a GENE? Many genes make up the strand of DNA. The trait for hair color might be spelled GCAATCTA. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

14. What Is a GENE? When the sequence GCAATCTA. (hair color) is located on the strand of DNA, it is MAPPED. From the map of genes, scientists can SPLICE in or out a certain gene. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

15. Gene Splicing Also referred to as RECOMBINANT DNA Advantages –A SINGLE trait can be inserted –In the future a SINGLE trait can be removed (like the gene for Huntington's disease). © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

16. In the future a SINGLE trait can be removed (like the gene for Huntington's disease).

17. TRANSGENIC Animals Animals that contain genes that are not naturally found in the animal Advantages –production of INSULIN used by humans with diabetes © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

18. CLONING (Dolly the sheep) 5 July 1996

19. First Cloned Dog (2005) Snuppy (right), the first successfully cloned dog, is shown at 67 days after birth with Tai, the three-year-old Afghan hound whose skin cells were used to clone him.

20. Cloned cats with fluorescent gene

21. Safety in Biotechnology Biotechnological research is monitored by the FDA ) The Food and Drug Administration) before, during, and after experimentation. © 2005 Thomson Delmar Learning. All rights reserved.

22. CURRENT ISSUES