1. Changing the Living World: Manipulating DNA

2. Tools oRestriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into small usable pieces oGel electrophoresis separates the DNA oPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to make copies of DNA

3. ohttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/gel/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/gel/

4. Changing the Living World: Genetic Engineering

5. What is it? oTransfer of DNA sequences from one organism to another oCan include entire genes oShows that some genes from animals and plants can work in each other

6. Transgenic organisms oOrganisms that contain genes from other species oGene from one organism can be inserted into cells from another organism oWhy do we use this? oUse bacteria to produce important substances (insulin) oBacteria reproduce quickly and are easy to grow

7. Cloning oClone – member of a population of genetically identical cells that is produced from a single cell o1997 – Ian Wilmut cloned a sheep (Dolly) oNucleus of egg cell removed oCell then fused with cell taken from another adult oFused cell then divides and embryo placed in surrogate to develop

8. Cloning ethics oEthical and moral issues for humans leave some opposing the work for humans

9. Transgenic animals and plants oAnimals used to improve food supply oMice produced with genes to make their immune system act like a humans oAllows scientists to study effect of diseases oGenetically modified crops may not need insecticide spray oCrops that can resist weed killing sprays