1. Chemical Bonding Ionic and Metallic Chemistry

2. Elements Some elements never exist by themselves Some elements never exist by themselves These are called diatomic molecules These are called diatomic molecules There are seven of them and they make a seven on the periodic table There are seven of them and they make a seven on the periodic table

3. The Diatomic Molecules These would still be said by their elemental name but would be written with a subscript of 2 These would still be said by their elemental name but would be written with a subscript of 2 H 2 H 2 N 2 N 2 F 2 F 2 O 2 O 2 I 2 I 2 Cl 2 Cl 2 Br 2 Br 2 BrINClHOF BrINClHOF

4. Compounds Most elements are not found separately but combined in a compound with something else Most elements are not found separately but combined in a compound with something else Chemical bonds are strong attractions between atoms or ions in a compound Chemical bonds are strong attractions between atoms or ions in a compound The reason for this is the octet rule The reason for this is the octet rule We want 8…eight is great!

5. Octet Rule Noble gases are what all elements aspire to be like electronically Noble gases are what all elements aspire to be like electronically These elements have 8 electrons in highest energy level These elements have 8 electrons in highest energy level

6. Ionic Bond DEFINITION: Chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between a cation and an anion. Chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between a cation and an anion. Atoms will either give up or take electrons in order to have eight in their highest energy level Atoms will either give up or take electrons in order to have eight in their highest energy level

7. Hey, can you help me out and gimme an electron?

8. Why certainly, I have one I don’t want anyway.

9. Give up/take away electrons

10. Charges Sodium now has a +1 charge since it has lost an electron Sodium now has a +1 charge since it has lost an electron Chlorine now has a -1 charge since it gained an electron Chlorine now has a -1 charge since it gained an electron

11. Ionic Bond Opposites attract, so a bond is formed between the two of them. Opposites attract, so a bond is formed between the two of them. (or until water breaks us apart)

12. Ionic Compound The combination of Na + and Cl - form the compound NaCl The combination of Na + and Cl - form the compound NaCl An ionic compound will always consist of: An ionic compound will always consist of: A metal ion (called a CATION, the + one) A metal ion (called a CATION, the + one) A non-metal ion (called an ANION, the - one) A non-metal ion (called an ANION, the - one) CATION ALWAYS COMES BEFORE THE ANION; both in the name and the formula CATION ALWAYS COMES BEFORE THE ANION; both in the name and the formula

13. CATION vs ANION Positively charged ions Positively charged ions Lose electrons Lose electrons Smaller than the parent atom Smaller than the parent atom Usually metals (left side of the table) Usually metals (left side of the table) Negatively charged ions Negatively charged ions Gain electrons Gain electrons Larger than the parent atom Larger than the parent atom Usually nonmetals (right side of table) Usually nonmetals (right side of table)

14. Properties of Ionic Bonds 1. High melting point 2. Conducts electricity 3. Soluble in water

15. Lewis Dot Diagrams Diagram that shows the valence electrons Diagram that shows the valence electrons Shows ions or compounds or atoms Shows ions or compounds or atoms

16. Metallic Bonds DEFINITION: DEFINITION: Attraction of free floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal cations. “Sea of electrons”

17. Properties of Metallic Bonds 1. Malleable/Ductile 2. Conduct electricity and heat 3. Solid at room temp and shiny luster