1. P ERCEPTION CRASH COURSE CRASH COURSE The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Seeing the world as it isn't

2. Stare at the blue dot in the middle. You should see the outer edges of the circle fade away! Troxler’s fading It occurs because even if our eyes move a little when we are fixating a point, away from that point, in the perception field, the movements aren’t large enough to observe other elements; in conclusion the neurons remain focused on the main object and our visual system doesn’t involve new ones for the other elements.

5. You are about to witness the perpetrator of a crime!

7. Describe who you saw at the crime scene. Keep in mind your eyewitness testimony could be used in a court of law. Was she a young girl or an old woman???

9. Perceptual Ideas an illusion an illusion Perceptual set: a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

10. Context Effects Based on immediate context, not schemas. You do not hear the word, but can guess at it based on the context it was said in.

11. Top-Down Processing We perceive by filling the gaps in what we sense. I _ant ch_co_ate ic_ cr_am. Based on our experiences and schemas. Perceptual Set – a mental predisposition; the experiences, assumptions, and expectations that influence our perception

14. Perceptual Adaptation inverted vision program 7: start @ 15:39 The ability to adjust to an artificially altered visual field

15. Are the red lines parallel??? http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/

16. Gestalt Psychology Gestalt – an organized whole; from German for “form” or “whole” Gestalt psychologists emphasized the tendency to integrate pieces of information into a meaningful whole. Gestalt Psychology says that we innately look at things in groups, not as isolated elements. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

17. Grouping & Gestalt Psychology Khan Academy Khan Academy Proximity - group objects that are close together as being part of same group Similarity - objects similar in appearance are perceived as being part of same group Continuity - objects that form a continuous form are perceived as same group Connectedness – objects that are uniform and linked are perceived as single units Closure - we fill gaps to create a whole or complete image Closure

18. Figure Ground Relationship Visually, our first perceptual decision is “What is the figure?” in the image and “What is the ground?” (background). The figure ground relationship can also be applied as a principle of auditory perception.

19. Depth Perception Eleanor Gibson - Visual Cliff Experiment If you are old enough to crawl, you are old enough to see depth perception. We see depth by using two cues that researchers have put in two categories: – Monocular Cues – Binocular Cues

20. Sensory Restriction Blakemore & Cooper, 1970  Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

21. Binocular Cues Khan Academy Khan Academy We need both of our eyes to use these cues. Retinal Disparity - as an object comes closer to us, the differences in the images for our eyes becomes greater.  “finger sausage”  3-D movies Convergence - as an object comes closer, our eyes have to come together to keep focused on the object

22. Monocular Cues khanacademy(start 2:00) khanacademy(start 2:00) You really only need one eye to use these (used in art classes to show depth). – Linear Perspective – Interposition – Relative Size – Texture Gradient – Light / Shadowing

24. Motion Perception Stroboscopic Effect a rapid series of slightly varying images perceived as moving images (flip book, “old” movies) Phi Phenomenon illusion of movement created when two or more --- --lights next to each other blink on and off

25. Constancy khanacademy(start @ 6:10) khanacademy(start @ 6:10) Objects change in our eyes constantly as we or they move….but we are able to maintain content perception Shape Constancy Size Constancy Color Constancy Brightness Constancy o However, color and brightness also depends on context!

26. Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis ESP – extrasensory perception; perception outside of sensory perception – Telepathy – Clairvoyance – Precognition

27. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS.