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Nasal cavity Upper External respiratory nose tract Pharynx (throat)
Fig. 15.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Nasal cavity Upper respiratory tract External nose Pharynx (throat) Larynx Trachea Lower respiratory tract Bronchi Lungs
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Fig. 15.9 Vertebra Esophagus Right lung Left lung Parietal pleura
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Vertebra Esophagus Right lung Left lung Parietal pleura Right main bronchus Pleural cavity Right pulmonary artery Visceral pleura Right pulmonary vein Fibrous pericardium Pulmonary trunk Parietal pericardium Heart Pericardial cavity Visceral pericardium Sternum Superior view
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Fig. 15.2-1 Frontal sinus Cribriform plate Paranasal sinuses
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Frontal sinus Cribriform plate Paranasal sinuses Superior concha Sphenoidal sinus Middle concha Nasal cavity Inferior concha Choana Vestibule Pharyngeal tonsil Naris Opening of auditory tube Hard palate Nasopharynx Oral cavity Soft palate Tongue Uvula Palatine tonsil Pharynx Oropharynx Lingual tonsil Hyoid bone Laryngopharynx Epiglottis Vestibular fold Larynx Vocal fold Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Esophagus Trachea (a) Medial view
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Fig. 15.3 Larynx Epiglottis Epiglottis Hyoid bone Hyoid bone
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Larynx Epiglottis Epiglottis Hyoid bone Hyoid bone Membranous part of larynx Membranous part of larynx Fat Cuneiform cartilage Thyroid cartilage Corniculate cartilage Thyroid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Vestibular fold (false vocal cord) Cricoid cartilage Cricothyroid ligament Cricoid cartilage Vocal fold (true vocal cord) Tracheal cartilage Trachea Membranous part of trachea (a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view (c) Medial view of sagittal section
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b: © CNRI/PhototakeUSA.com
Fig. 15.4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior Tongue Epiglottis Vestibular folds (false vocal cords) Glottis Vocal folds (true vocal cords) Cuneiform cartilage Larynx Corniculate cartilage (a) Superior view Trachea (b) Superior view through a laryngoscope b: © CNRI/PhototakeUSA.com
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Fig. 15.5 Larynx Trachea Air passageways decrease in size but increase
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Larynx Trachea Air passageways decrease in size but increase in number. Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Pleural cavity Right main (primary) bronchus Left main (primary) bronchus Lobar (secondary) bronchus Lobar (secondary) bronchus Segmental (tertiary) bronchus Segmental (tertiary) bronchus Bronchiole Bronchiole To terminal bronchiole (see figure 15.7) To terminal bronchiole (see figure 15.7) Diaphragm Anterior view
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Bronchial vein, artery, and nerve
Fig. 15.7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Smooth muscle Bronchial vein, artery, and nerve Branch of pulmonary artery Deep lymphatic vessel Terminal bronchiole Alveolus Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Superficial lymphatic vessel Alveoli Lymph nodes Alveolar sac Connective tissue Pulmonary capillaries Visceral pleura Pleural cavity Branch of pulmonary vein Parietal pleura Elastic fibers
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increasing the superior-inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity.
Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. End of expiration End of inspiration Quiet breathing: The external intercostal muscles contract, elevating the ribs and moving the sternum. Labored breathing: Additional muscles contract, causing additional expansion of the thorax. Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes Clavicle (cut) Muscles of inspiration Pectoralis minor Internal intercostals External intercostals Muscles of expiration Abdominal muscles relax. Diaphragm Abdominal muscles Diaphragm relaxed Diaphragm contracts, increasing the superior-inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity. (a) (b)
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Fig. 15.12 6000 Volumes Capacities Maximum inspiration 5000
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 6000 Volumes Capacities Maximum inspiration 5000 Inspiratory capacity (3500 mL) Inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL) 4000 Vital capacity (4600 mL) Volume (mL) 3000 volume Tidal (500 mL) Total lung capacity (5800 mL) 2000 Expiratory (1100 mL) reserve volume Maximum expiration Functional residual capacity (2300 mL) 1000 Residual (1200 mL) volume Time
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Fig. 15.12-1 6000 Maximum inspiration 5000 4000 Volume (mL) 3000 2000
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 6000 Maximum inspiration 5000 4000 Volume (mL) 3000 2000 Maximum expiration 1000 Time
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