2. The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (1:10) Click here to launch video Click here to download print activity

3. The cardiovascular system moves blood through the body, while the lymphatic system circulates lymph throughout the body.

4. plasma hemoglobin platelets capillaries lymph pathogen blood pressure

5. Why the Blood Circulates The cardiovascular system provides nutrients and oxygen, carries away wastes, and helps fight disease. Your heart pumps blood to your body’s cells 24 hours a day, even when you’re asleep.

6. Why the Blood Circulates Carrying carbon dioxide from your cells back to your lungs to be exhaled Absorbing nutrients from food and delivering nutrients to body cells Carrying oxygen from the lungs to body cells Your heart accomplishes these important tasks: Delivering other waste products to the kidneys for removal from the body Helping the white blood cells fight disease by attacking infectious organisms

7. How the Blood Circulates The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Your heart is the muscle that makes the cardiovascular system work.

8. The Heart Inside the heart are four chambers separated by a wall of tissue called the septum. The two top chambers are called the atria. The two lower chambers are called ventricles.

9. The Heart Valves between the atria and ventricles allow blood to flow through the chambers. At the top of the right atrium is an area of muscle that acts as a pacemaker for the heart.

10. The Heart

11. How Blood Circulates Pulmonary circulation is the process by which blood moves between the heart and the lungs. Blood that has lost oxygen and picked up carbon dioxide and wastes receives fresh oxygen in the lungs.

12. Blood Blood is the fluid that delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the cells and carries away wastes.

13. Blood Components of Blood Plasma Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets

14. Blood About 55 percent of total blood volume consists of plasma, which is mainly water, but it also contains nutrients, proteins, salts, and hormones. Plasma The fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended

15. Blood Red blood cells make up about 40 percent of normal blood. They contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin The oxygen-carrying protein in blood

16. Blood Hemoglobin contains iron that binds with oxygen in the lungs and releases the oxygen in the tissues. Hemoglobin also combines with carbon dioxide, a waste gas that is carried from the cells to the lungs to be exhaled.

17. Blood White blood cells have one of three purposes: Surrounding and ingesting the organisms that cause disease Forming antibodies that provide immunity against a second attack from that specific disease Fighting allergic reactions

18. Blood When the wall of a blood vessel tears, platelets collect at the tear and form a clot that blocks the flow of blood. Platelets Types of cells in the blood that cause blood clots to form

19. Blood Millions of each type of blood cell can be found in just 1 millimeter of blood.

20. Blood Humans have one of four types of blood. (contains antigens) (does not contain antigens) ABABO

21. Blood A person with blood types A, B, or AB must receive blood from someone with the same blood type due to the antigens or from someone with type O blood because it has no antigens.

22. Blood People with type O blood are called universal donors, because anyone can receive their blood.

23. Blood Vessels The Three Main Types of Blood Vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins

24. Blood Vessels Arteries are vessels that branch into progressively smaller vessels called arterioles, which deliver blood to capillaries. Arteries Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

25. Blood Vessels Capillaries reach almost all body cells. Capillaries near the skin’s surface can dilate or constrict to adjust body temperature. Capillaries Small vessels that carry blood from arterioles and to small vessels called venules, which empty into veins

26. Blood Vessels The large veins, the vena cava, carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium. Veins Blood vessels that return blood to the heart

27. How Lymph Circulation Works The lymphatic system helps fight infection and provides immunity to disease. The lymphatic system is a system of vessels much like the cardiovascular system.

28. How Lymph Circulation Works The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels and tissues that move and filter lymph. Lymph The clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells

29. How Lymph Circulation Works Lymph contains water, proteins, fats, and specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes that protect the body against pathogens. Pathogen A microorganism that causes disease

30. How Lymph Circulation Works Lymph is filtered by lymph nodes, small bean- shaped organs found in lymph vessels. White blood cells within lymph nodes trap and destroy pathogens.

31. Maintaining Your Circulatory Health Healthy habits can help protect the health of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Many problems with the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems first appear later in life.

32. Maintaining Your Circulatory Health Participate in regular aerobic exercise for at least 30 minutes three or four times per week. Maintain a healthy weight. Eat a well-balanced diet. Maintaining Your Circulatory Health Avoid secondhand smoke and using tobacco products. Avoid illegal drug use. Get regular medical checkups.

33. Blood Pressure Maintaining blood pressure in the cardiovascular system is important for proper blood circulation. Blood pressure A measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body

34. Blood Pressure A blood pressure reading includes two numbers. Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure The maximum pressure as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries. The pressure at its lowest point when your ventricles relax.

35. Blood Pressure A healthy person’s blood pressure will vary within a normal range of below 120/80. Blood pressure that is above 140/90 is considered high and places a strain on the heart.

36. Cardiovascular System Problems Some cardiovascular problems are inherited; others result from illness, diet, or aging. Disorders of the cardiovascular system have wide-ranging effects and varying treatments.

37. Cardiovascular System Problems A form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally. Leukemia An inherited disorder. The blood does not clot properly. Hemophilia A condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced. Anemia Formed as result of the valves in veins not closing tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood. Varicose veins Abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart. Heart murmurs Conditions of the heart that are present at birth.Congenital heart defects

38. Lymphatic System Problems Problems of the lymphatic system can range from mild to life-threatening. Disorders of the lymphatic system may be caused by infection or heredity.

39. Lymphatic System Problems Tonsillitis Immune deficiency Hodgkin’s disease Your tonsils help reduce the number of pathogens entering the body through the respiratory system. If the tonsils become infected, tonsillitis results. Immune deficiency results if the immune system is weakened and can no longer protect the body against infection. Also called Hodgkin’s lymphoma, this type of cancer affects the lymph tissue in lymph nodes and the spleen.

40. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary This system carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells, and fights disease through blood cells that fight infection. 1.Why is the cardiovascular system important to your overall health?

41. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 2.What behaviors will help you prevent high blood pressure? Maintain a healthy weight with a nutritious, low-salt diet; stay physically active; manage stress; avoid tobacco and drugs.

42. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 3.What do the blood pressure numbers measure? The top number measures the maximum pressure as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries. The bottom number measures the pressure at its lowest point when your ventricles relax.