1. Nasrin Karaleen Jeffer Jiahong Pamera
Othello Act 3 - Scene 4
Nasrin Karaleen Jeffer Jiahong Pamera

2. Plot Desdemona talks to Clown. Significance: comic relief
Desdemona asks Emilia where is the handkerchief Significance: Emilia lied to Desdemona; thus Desdemona lost her chance to justify herself.

3. Plot
Othello asks Desdemona for the handkerchief but she can’t find it. Significance: Othello interprets this as proof of Desdemona’s disloyalty.
Desdemona talks to Cassio,Emilia,and Iago.
Cassio asks Bianca to make a copy of the handkerchief. Significance: Bianca trusts Cassio. This impacts what happens later in the story.

4. Desdemona talks to Cassio,Emilia,and Iago.
Othello asks Desdemona for the handkerchief but she can’t find it. Significance: Othello interprets this as proof of Desdemona’s disloyalty.
Cassio asks Bianca to make a copy of the handkerchief. Significance: Bianca trusts Cassio. This impacts what happens later in the story.
Desdemona talks to clown. Significance: comic relief
Desdemona asks Emilia where is the handkerchief Significance: Emilia lied to Desdemona; thus Desdemona lost her chance to justify herself..
Desdemona talks to Cassio,Emilia,and Iago.

5. Themes Jealousy can lead to mistreatment.
There was distrust in relationships during the period of Othello because women were seen as liars.
Everyone should be aware of who they trust.
It is possible for one to have divided loyalty.
Appearance versus reality is evident as many characters lie about what they know and does not report their knowledge or give false information.

6. Development of Othello
The story of the handkerchief tells the audience about Othello’s exotic background
Othello’s anger towards Desdemona shows his irritable temper (III.iv.74-93)
Solving matters indirectly:
Othello questions Desdemona indirectly.(III,iv,30-94)
Othello punishes Cassio without solving the root of the problem. (II,iii,234)
Othello hates disloyalty.

7. Development of Desdemona
Superstitious: Desdemona believes in Othello’s story about the handkerchief.

8. Development of Desdemona
Innocent and naive: Desdemona keeps advocating for Cassio while Othello is clearly angry. (III,iv,85-93) Rather than cover, Desdemona continues to do the right thing. “Something sure of state/from Venice/unhatch’d practice” (III,iv, ) Desdemona denies that Othello is jealous, and believes the source of Othello’s anger is from his occupation.

9. Bianca: Iago: Emila: Cassio: manipulator confident liar
(foil character to Othello)
trusting Cassio “Tis very good; I must be circumstanc’d” (III,iv,195)
loves Cassio
Iago:
manipulator
confident liar
Emila:
blinded by love
place her love to Iago higher than her loyalty to Desdemona
having a tragic marriage “they are all but stomachs, and we all but food” (III,iv,98)
Cassio:
gullible
well-mannered (III,iv, )
manipulated by Iago

10. Relationships Cassio - Desdemona: Othello - Desdemona:
Friend.
Desdemona tries to help Cassio to get back his position.
Emilia - Desdemona:
Emilia tries to hint Desdemona that Othello is jealous. “Pray Heaven/no conception nor no jealous toy concerning you” (III,iv, )
lies about the handkerchief. “I know not, madam.”(III,iv,20)
Othello - Desdemona:
Othello does not trust Desdemona.
Othello suspects that Desdemona is cheating.
Othello confronts Desdemona about the handkerchief.
Desdemona denies that Othello is jealous, and believes the source of Othello’s anger is from his occupation.(III,iv, )

11. Relationships Iago - Othello Iago - Emilia/Desdemona/Cassio
Iago manipulates Othello in the previous scenes.
Iago - Emilia/Desdemona/Cassio
Used Emilia to steal the handkerchief.
Pretends to help and is careless about his actions (III.iv )
Acts as everyone’s friend
Cassio - Othello
They have a genuine friendship
Othello thinks Cassio is cheating with Desdemona
Cassio - Bianca
Cassio is insincere to Bianca’s love yet he speaks nicely and treats her well. This contrasts to how Iago treats Emilia. “my most fair Bianca”(III,iv,163)

12. Setting Mood The street outside Othello’s lodging
Superstitious society
Women were known to be less than men (sexism)
Women were treated poorly
People still uses handkerchief
Mood
Humorous in the beginning
Suspenseful tone
The audience is interested to see if Desdemona can clarify herself.
Cynical and snarky
Othello pretends to be nice and questions Desdemona in a cynical and snarky tone.

13. The Scene’s Timeline Previous scenes:
Othello has been manipulated by Iago to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty but no ocular proof was given.
This scene:
Othello got the proof of Desdemona’s disloyalty, the lost handkerchief.
After this scene:
Othello will get more proof of Desdemona’s disloyalty. Othello will exact his revenge on Desdemona and Cassio for having an “affair”.
09.17.XX
10.13.XX

14. Strength Weakness Fits the timeline and plot.
Repeats the theme of “be aware of who you trust”.
Creates a comic relief before the climax which will occur later in this scene.
Keeps the reader hanging and guessing what will happen.
Othello is jealous and we do not know what he is going to do.
Weakness
Timing inconsistency “what! Keep a week away?”(III,iv,87) This shows Cassio has been in Cyprus for at least a week, but the play has only showed 3 days.
Irrational: Othello believes Desdemona has given the handkerchief to Cassio but he can not remember that Desdemona had it moments ago.

15. Dramatic Techniques Comic Relief before entering the Climax
Clown’s pun of “lie and “lay”
Dramatic Irony:
Audience knows Desdemona is loyal when Othello set her on trial
Audience knows Iago is acting as everyone's friend while really having malicious intent. “Something of moment then. I will go meet him” (III,iv,133) “There is no other way: ‘tis she must do it” (III,iv,97)

16. Symbolism Handkerchief = The love between Desdemona and Othello
Dyed fluid of Maiden’s heart in the Handkerchief = Desdemona’s heart and virginity
strawberry on a white background = bloodstain on a wedding sheet that proves a bride’s virginity
Moisture hand = what Othello thought as Desdemona’s inherent promiscuity

17. Rhetorical and Literary Devices
Pun/diction for the word “lie”(III,iv,2-11) Author’s intention: This serves as comic relief between scene III and scene IV
Repetition of “The handkerchief” (III,iv,85-92) Anaphora: “Is’t lost?Is’t gone?Speak;is’t out of th’way?” (III,iv,76) Author’s intention: This shows how irritated Othello is while Desdemona is still trying to advocate for Cassio. This shows that Desdemona is naive.

18. Rhetorical and Literary Devices
Metaphor: “Men are stomach, women are food” (III,iv,98-99) Author’s intention: This gives audience insights about Emilia’s marriage
Flashback/anecdote: The story of the handkerchief (III,iv,53-71) Author’s intention: Othello used this story to test or warn Desdemona. This story gives audience insights about Othello’s background.

19. Rhetorical and Literary Devices
Exaggeration:“the sun where he was born drew all such humours from him” (III,iv,26) Author’s intention: This shows Desdemona believes that Othello is not jealous. It explains why Desdemona doesn’t know the reason for Othello’s anger until her death.
Imagery: “I have seen the cannon./blown his ranks into the air”(III,iv, ) Author’s intention: This tells the audience about Othello’s battle experience and how calm and valiant Othello is in battle.

20. Issues for Discussion
Emilia could quickly sense that Othello is jealous “Is not this man jealous?” (III,iv,94) and she remarked similar comments about jealousy as Iago “Begot upon itself,born on itself”(III,Iv,156) “It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on” (III,iii, ) Is it Iago’s influences that cause Emilia to behave and think in this way?

21. Issues for Discussion
Is the story that Othello tells Desdemona about the Handkerchief a true story? Did Othello make up the story to test Desdemona? Or is this story a warning that Othello will no longer love Desdemona if she is disloyal? (III,iv,52-71)

22. "Desdemona's Handkerchief by Not Even Past. " Cowbird. N. p. , n. d
"Desdemona's Handkerchief by Not Even Past." Cowbird. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec
"Ivanhoe." Ivanhoe. A Wordpress Game, n.d. Web. 04 Dec
"Othello! by Dogski." Othello! N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec
"Othello." Loyal Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec
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