1. 1 C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 Toward Better Banking José De Gregorio

2. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 2 Contents 1.The Implementation of Basel II in LA 2.The Role of Foreign Banking 3.LA’s Capital Markets 4.Strengthening Banking Systems in LA 5.The Role of the State

3. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 3 The Implementation of Basel II in LA The impact of implementing Basel II in LA: –Going from Basel I to Basel II would no require significant increase in capital –Effect on the cost of capital are limited –Increase pro-cyclicality and volatility, but operational risks could help However, LA’s capital markets remain under developed: –Low penetration of Rating Agencies –Lack of adequate information –Need to strengthen regulation In any case, costs of implementing Basel II may be small due to the high presence of foreign banking in a concentrated system.

4. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 4 The Role of Foreign Banking New capital (FDI) Increase bank competition Modernization and improvement of efficiency - Improvement of management expertise -Quality of financial risk management, through the introduction of technological innovations and risk management Increase credit pro-cyclicality and volatility

5. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 5 The Role of Foreign Banking: Foreign and domestic banks in Chile Source: Superintendence of Banks and Financial Institutions

6. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 6 LA’s Capital Markets: International Comparison

7. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 7 LA’s Capital Markets: Banking Sector Strength Index Source: Central Bank of Chile (based on Moody’s Financial Strength Ranking, September 2005) Developed Economies Latin American Economies Other Emerging Economies

8. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 8 LA’s Capital Markets: Chilean Corporate Bonds 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1995199619971998199920002001200220032004 Aug-05 Billion US$ Flow Stock Source: Superintendence of Securities and Insurance

9. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 9 LA’s Capital Markets: Chilean Banking System Strength Source: Superintendence of Banks and Financial Institutions

10. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 10 LA’s Capital Markets : Rating Agencies Source: Central Bank of Chile Country Number of Agencies % of total loans granted to rated firms Argentina424.4% Bolivia2 Brazil518% Chile418% Paraguay0- Peru4 Uruguay3 Non significant

11. C E N T R A L B A N K O F C H I L E SEPTEMBER 30TH 2005 11 Strengthening Banking Systems in LA Limiting the extent of pro – cyclicality But there is a need to balance business cycle stability and banks vulnerability Prudential regulation Credibility issues and moral hazard are particularly important in small economies Liquidity and currency mismatch limits in the banking vs in the corporate sector Corporate governance Working towards a consolidated supervision Strengthen role of bank’s boards in terms of managing risks