2. How to get by without LIQUID ARGON Rajendran Raja & William Wester Fermilab, Apr,2012 Assume that Liquid Argon at 5 kiloton is a given. How do we expand beyond this? This 10-15 mins minute talk, explains a possible way. Lots of R&D is needed to make this a reality (or not). April 2012 LBNE presentation 1

3. April 2012 LBNE presentation 2 beam Fermilab FN 0812 E, R.Raja, 2007

4. Equipotential lines April 2012 LBNE presentation 3

5. Picture taken from “Toward a Muon collider detector with manageable backgrounds” 0.4 cm iron+ silicon readout. 100 GeV Single electron track for 4 layers= 1 radiation length. April 2012 LBNE presentation 4

6. Jimmy Walker idea of float glass. April 2012 LBNE presentation 5 Liquid ArgonPlates Cryostat+cryo $24.6MillionConcrete/float glass Liquid Argon $9.7MillionPrice much lower. Being investigated Rad Length 14.0 cmConcrete 11.55 cm float glass 12.63 cm Drift Velocity 0.15cm/  s5.6cm/  s Density 1.4 g/cc2.3 gm/cc Resistivity10 10 to 10 14  m

7. TPC with glass Each plate can be 3.5meters x 3.5 meters height x width. Each TPC plate can be 3 cm long. 4 plates will be 1 radiation length. 1 cm long drift volume. Density 1.7 gm/cc You can think of 1.5 cm long TPC plates and 0.5 cm drift volume. Then the number of plates will be 8 for 1 radiation length. Density the same. You may need a magnetic field parallel to the drift which can be thought of as a good thing or a bad thing  if a bad thing, one can conceive of a drift in alternate directions one way and then the other so that every other plate drifts one way. This means that the biases due to drift distance vs distance in x can be overcome. Both the proton decay modes (e  0 as well as  K s ) can be visible though not as well as liquid argon. Supernovae can be seen since the earth rotates, though not as well as liquid argon. Readout using TGEM (thick gems) looks attractive. April 2012 LBNE presentation 6