1. POPULATION DYNAMICS

2. Habitat: Set 87 75 60 30 1800 99 Source: Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science, 1999.

5. POPULATION DYNAMICS

7. How do populations change over time? Number of births Number of deaths b = no. b/1000/yearR.N.I. = b - d Growth rate r R.N.I. e.g.pop. = 10,000 b = 2,000/yr (or 200/1,000) d = 1,000/yr (or 100/1,000)  r = 0.2 - 0.1 = 0.1 or 10%

8. Doubling Time Amount of time it would take for a population to double in size assuming a constant r Td = 0.7 r r = (0.1 - 0.05) + (0.001 - 0.01) r = 0.05 - 0.009 = 0.041 Td = 0.7 = 17 years 0.041 Immigration: individuals entering a population Emigration: individuals leaving a population e.g.b = 1,000 d = 500 i = 10 e = 100

10. Geometric vs Linear Growth Starting salary of $1 for first week that then doubles each week Paid $10 per week with an increase in salary of $10 per week.

11. Constant amount added to the population Exponent is multiplied to the population Source: Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science, 1999.

12. Depends on no. of offspring, their average survival rate, and how early and often reproduction takes place. Source: Cunningham/Saigo, Environmental Science, 1999.