1. Africa in the Cold War

2. Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization
Ghana (The Gold Coast) – 1957
Kwame Nkrumah
leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast
Overseeing the nation's independence from British colonial rule in 1957
The first President and Prime Minister of
20th-century advocate of Pan-Africanism

3. Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization
Ghana (The Gold Coast) – 1957
Kwame Nkrumah
Kenya – 1963
European population blocked independence
Led to armed revolt
Constitution:
Queen Elizabeth II, was represented as head of state by a Governor-General of Kenya.
provided for a bicameral parliament - the National Assembly
Senate and the House of Representatives

4. Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization
Republic of Congo
Belgium left behind chaos and civil war
Fighting continues….
Early 1900’s White King, Red Rubber, Black Death… The Story of Belgium's King Leopold
Years of oppression and brutality… 10 million dead.
publishes a "30-Year Plan" for granting the Congo increased self-government.
1959 – Belgium begins to lose control over events in the Congo following serious nationalist riots in Leopoldville

5. Sub-Sahara African De-Colonization
Rwanda – 1994
Unrelated ethnic groups fought for power once European power left
100 day genocide - Hutu killed Minority Tutsis…Million Tutsis died

6. South Africa Colonized government began in 1910
Apartheid – segregation laws
Majority black population given no rights
87% of land controlled by British (whites)

7. South Africa Colonized government began in 1910
Apartheid – segregation laws
Majority black population given no rights
87% of land controlled by British (whites)
African National Congress (ANC)
Organizes resistance to South African government

8. South Africa Colonized government began in 1910
Apartheid – segregation laws
Majority black population given no rights
87% of land controlled by British (whites)
African National Congress (ANC)
Organizes resistance to South African government
United Nations Boycott and economic sanctions

9. South Africa Colonized government began in 1910
Apartheid – segregation laws
Majority black population given no rights
87% of land controlled by British (whites)
African National Congress (ANC)
Organizes resistance to South African government
United Nations Boycott and economic sanctions
National Party takes apart Apartheid – 1989
Nelson Mandela released from prison
Mandela becomes first freely elected President of South Africa