1. CHAPTER 3 Communication and Self-Concept, Continued… Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

2. Section 6 DISCLOSING THE SELF: CHOOSING WHAT TO REVEAL Interplay Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

3. Choosing What to Reveal  Self-disclosure  Every verbal or nonverbal behavior we engage in is self-revealing  Distinguishing factors of self-disclosure:  Honesty  Depth  Availability of information  Context of sharing Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

4. Models of Self-Disclosure  Degrees of Self-Disclosure: The Social Penetration Model (Altman and Taylor)  Two dimensions:  Breadth of information volunteered  Depth of information volunteered  Altman and Taylor: “the development of a relationship as a progression from the periphery… to its center. Process occurs over time.”  Types of information revealed:  Clichés—ritualized, stock responses to social situations  Facts  Opinions  Feelings Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

5. Awareness of Self-Disclosure: The Johari Window Model  Johari Window (Luft and Ingham)  Frame contains likes, dislikes, goals, secrets, needs.  Part 1: Open area; information of which both you and the other person are aware.  Part 2: Blind area; information of which you are unaware, but the other person knows.  Part 3: Hidden area; information that you know, but aren’t willing to reveal to others.  Part 4: Unknown area: information unknown to you and others. Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

6. Section 7 BENEFITS AND RISKS OF SELF-DISCLOSURE Interplay Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

7. Benefits of Self-Disclosure  Catharsis  Self-clarification  Self-validation  Reciprocity  Impression formation  Relationship maintenance and enhancement  Moral obligation  Social influence  Self-defense Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

8. Risks of Self-Disclosure  Rejection  Negative impression  Decrease in relational satisfaction  Loss of influence  Loss of control  Hurt the other person Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

9. Alternatives to Self-Disclosure  Silence  Lying  Benevolent lies, unmalicious  Told for the benefit of the recipient  Equivocation  Equivocal language: Two or more plausible meanings  Used for face-saving  Can save a speaker from being caught lying  Hinting  Face-saving Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

10. The Ethics of Evasion  Provides a way to manage difficult situations  There are times when honesty is the right approach, even when painful  Consider:  Are the effects of a lie worth the deception?  Is the indirect message in the interest of the receiver?  Is evasion the only way to behave?  How would others respond if they knew what you were really thinking/feeling? Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

11. Guidelines for Self Disclosure  Is the other person important to you?  Is the risk of disclosing reasonable?  Is the self-disclosure appropriate?  Is the disclosure relevant to the situation at hand?  Is the disclosure reciprocated?  Will the effect be constructive? Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

12. END OF SECTION Interplay Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.