1. The Catholic Reformation
C15, S4 pp

2. The Counter-Reformation
1530s- Counter-Reformation began
Attempted to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters
Campaign to stop the spread of Protestantism
As the Protestants gained ground, reformers finally convinced the pope of the drastic need for change

3. Counter-Reformation Tactics
Pope Paul III ( ) brought the Inquisition to Rome
Punished heretics
Focused on keeping Catholics within the church
Pope Paul IV (1559)- established the Index of Forbidden Books
Catholics were banned from reading; books considered harmful to faith & morals

4. The Council of Trent Summoned by Pope Paul III in 1545
Met to clearly define the official church position on matters of doctrine
Doctrine- a particular principle, position, or policy taught or advocated, as of a religion or government: Catholic doctrines
End Indulgences
Tighten discipline with the clergy
Emphasized need for ceremonies God should be worshipped Must depend on priests God granted forgiveness only through the church
Every person had free will
-Clean up corruption, ignorance and apathy
-Catholics did not stand alone, community of the faithful, living and dead, to help them get to salvation.
-Established existence of purgatory
-Need of both faith and good works to achieve salvation

5. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz By: El Greco
-Showed that the count was not alone when facing god
Had other saints and Mary with him on his journey

6. Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
Founded in 1534 by Ignatius de Loyola
Established as a church order by pope in 1540
Combined humanists values & Catholic doctrine
Jesuit schools became some of best in Europe
Believed that salvation could be achieved by doing good deeds
Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope
-Loyola had his legs shattered by a cannonball
-had to have them broken and reset twice, read many stories on saints during his recovery, decided to become soldier of Christ
-Society of Jesus was established by the pope in 1540
-Established some of the best schools in Europe
-Missionaries to the New World

7. LOOK AT PAGE 369 Read Daily Life- answer question
Read the quote- answer Identifying bias question
Look at picture- answer Interpreting visual record

8. The Miracles of St. Ignatius by: Peter Paul Rubens
-3 miracles- easing pain of child birth (right), reviving suicide victim long enough for him to take last rites (foreground), casting out demons (left)
-Position of Loyola showed importance of the priest as a intermediary between man and god

9. Results of the Religious Upheaval
Did not bring about tolerance many religious wars throughout Europe until mid 1600s
Many different churches in Europe
A strong interest in Education
New universities because of humanist interest in learning
Religious reformers supported education
Increase in the power of national governments & decrease in pope’s power
Government took responsibility for leadership of the official church
-New definition of marriage and courtship
-Martin Luther got married and had 5 kids- Saw marriage as part of Gods plan for humanity- Calvin also against Catholics view of celibacy
-Catholics began using the word “love” in ceremonies
-Marriages still arranged

11. Goals of the Counter-Reformation
METHODS USED
Revive spirituality
Combat heresy
Define Catholic doctrine
Slow the spread of Protestantism

12. Goals of the Counter-Reformation
METHODS USED
Revive spirituality
Ended abuses surrounding the sale of indulgences, tightened discipline within clergy
Combat heresy
Brought the Inquisition to Rome, established Index of Forbidden Books
Define Catholic doctrine
Supported dependence on priests, salvation through ceremonial actions & individual faith, notion of free will in every person
Slow the spread of Protestantism
Better-educated priests worked more forcefully for the church, old & new religious orders such as Jesuits spread Catholicism

13. Long-Term
Talk quietly with the person next to you, create a list the long term effects of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation

14. Essay
Write a 3 paragraph essay comparing the Protestant and Catholic Churches
Talk about the actions that each took during the Protest and Counter-Reformations
This will be collected and graded so do it on loose leaf