1. Krokodil/ Desomorphine
By: Nichole Hansen

2. About Krokodil:
First Synthesized in 1932 and patented in 1934 in the hope of finding a substitute for morphine that would be less nauseous and less addictive.
Was used in Switzerland by the brand name Permonid as a pain killer
Was declared illegal in Russia in 1998 but made its first real appearance around 2002.
Krokodil has since spread to former Soviet Socialist Republics, then to Germany, Poland, and other European countries with Russian populations.

3. Krokodil in the United States:
Krokodil made its first known appearance in 2013 in Joliette, Arizona
There were four known cases but the people were kept a secret.
"As far as I know, these are the first cases in the United States that are reported,“ said Frank LoVecchio from Banner Good Samaritan Poison and Drug Information Center in Arizona
Has now made its way to Illinois, Ohio, and Oklahoma

4. Acute Effects: Severe anxiety Paranoia Muscle tension Faintness Chills
Swelling
Teeth and jaw clenching
Blurred vision
Nausea
Dry mouth

5. Chronic Effects: Rots the skin from the inside out
Destroys blood vessels once injected into vessel
Gangrene
Ulcers
Inflammation of liver and kidneys
Bone damage
Muscle destruction
Teeth rooting away
Blood poisoning
Amputations

7. Krokodil is a homemade drug made up of:
Codeine
Lighter fluid
Gasoline
Paint thinner
Alcohol
Iodine
Hydrochloric Acid
Red Phosphorus (Scratched off match boxes)

9. The drug clumps in the veins as it fails to dissolve completely in the blood and these clumps travel to distant places in the body and start to damage soft tissue.

10. Withdrawal Effects: Sweating Shaking Headaches Drug cravings Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Inability to sleep
Confusion
Agitation
Depression
Anxiety

11. Facts:
A recent U.N. report attributed Krokodil’s emergence to a heroin shortage in Russia. The country’s head drug official has said that a ban on over-the-counter sales of codeine has reduced Krokodil use. And is unlike to be come popular in the United States because unfortunately we have an abundance of OxyContin, Oxycodone, and other opiates.

12. Facts (continued):
It has been estimated that around 100,000 people use Krokodil in Russia and around 20,000 in Ukraine, according to a study that ran in the International Journal of Drug Policy this year.
Between 2009 and 2011, the amount of Krokodil seized by law enforcement increased 23-fold. In just the first three months of 2011, 65 million doses were seized.
Survival rate is about 2-3 years
Potency is about 10 time more potent than both Morphine and Heroine
High lasts about 90 minutes at most
The drug is either injected or in a pill form

13. Heroin
Desomorphine/Krokodil

15. Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desomorphine
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