2. Advanced ADC Study Guide
This Advanced ADC study guide is designed to help prepare you for your Advanced ADC test. Remember there is only one retest allowed so give this material a thorough review. There are two sections to this guide: the first is a review of the ten major drugs you studied in the Basic course. This review is on note pages that display the ADAPCP drug slides on the top of each page. The second part to the guide is the 25th ID (Light) handout on alcohol and other drugs. Anything not covered in the note pages can be found here along with plentiful pictures and a centerfold chart on signs and symptoms. If after reading both these parts to the guide you still have some questions please feel free to call Ken or Frank at and we’ll be happy to answer all questions (except the standard question “What’s on the test?”). After you complete this guide and feel ready, call us at and let us know when you’re coming in. Bring pencil/pen and Good Luck.
Study Guide

3. Tobacco Trouble
Kills More than all Other Drugs Combined! 430,000 + Every Year!
Second Hand Smoke
Impairment & Illness
Hard to overstress the dangers of this drug. It kills 300,000 more people every year in this country than the second place drug (alcohol) and more than twice as many as all the other drugs combined.
Important to emphasize that smokeless tobacco is just as dangerous as regular tobacco. Chewing and dipping may not give you lung cancer but the cancer of the mouth, lip, tongue, etc., will definitely spoil your day.
About 7,000 people a year will die of lung cancer who don’t smoke but who live or work with someone who does.

4. Remember about Tobacco
Emphysema
Cancer, Heart Attacks
Smokers’ Face/Breath/Teeth
No Safe Way To Use
If statistics don’t phase them , have your audience visualize pouring a full cup of tar into their lungs. The tar stiffens the lungs, making breathing in and out more difficult. Life becomes one long gasp and we’re not even talking about the carcinogens going into the lung. The heart is stressed to the tune of an extra 36,000 beats a day.. Plus Smoker’s Face => the accelerated lines in the face (mostly around the eyes); Smoker’s Breath => that horrid smell you inflict upon those around you (and taste from those you kiss); Smoker’s Teeth => mega stains and gum damage. And remember: There is NO WAY TO USE THIS DRUG SAFELY; not low tar cigarettes, not chewing, not dipping, not any way.

5. Alcohol Trouble Health Risk Fitness for Duty Accidents
Drinking & Driving
Violence / Family
Underage Drinking
Some soldiers think of Army Policy as being anti-drinking. It is not. It is anti-excessive drinking, anti-irresponsible drinking. Statistics show excessive use dramatically increases a solider’s chances of having a car crash, on-the-job accident, getting a dui (>.08 BAL)/dwi (>.05<.08 BAL), behaving violently, developing physical problems or addiction. There are a lot of factors which contribute to excessive drinking but only ONE is always present - the actual drinking of alcohol. You can not get a DUI/DWI without drinking. You can not be an Alcoholic without drinking.

6. Work, Family, Friends, Society, and Self
Remember about Alcohol
Excessive Drinking can Cause Problems with...
Work, Family, Friends, Society, and Self
The bottom line is Alcohol is a POISON. Drink enough of it in one setting and it will kill you. Drink enough of it over a period of time and it will shorten your life. And it not only poisons your body, it poisons your mind, your abilities (e.g. 4 people died in ‘97 because of a soldier drunk driving) and your relationships (the majority of domestic violence cases involve alcohol). The insidious thing is that while all this is happening alcohol has distorted your perceptions and screwed up your judgments so you believe you’re performing better than you really are (one of the main reasons why soldiers drink and drive).

7. Illegal (Controlled) Drugs
Marijuana
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Hallucinogens
Narcotics
Depressants
Controlled is a much better way to think of these drugs than illegal. Many of these drugs are available legally by prescription and all of these drugs can benefit people used in appropriate dosages in appropriate situations. All of them can also cause significant harm to people if used in excessive dosages in inappropriate circumstances. All of these drugs have caused Army personnel problems in the past. Currently the drugs that are causing the Army in Hawaii the most trouble (in addition to alcohol & tobacco) are meth (especially ice), cocaine, marijuana, and LSD.
Steroids
Inhalants

8. Marijuana
Strong, Available, $, 30 Mil Users, Reputation as a “safe” drug, anti- establishment
A big problem here is we lost credibility in the 50s and 60s when mj was a relatively harmless drug and we were saying it was very dangerous. Today in the 90s mj is much stronger, more dangerous, and users see it as a “safe” drug and they turn a deaf ear when we talk about the increasing negative consequences connected with mj. Here in Hawaii the AG estimated that mj was a 10 billion dollar a year business.

9. Marijuana
Effects on:
Brain, Lungs, Heart, Sex/Rep, Immunity System, Personality,
There is no “Free Lunch”. You can not keep increasing a drug’s potency and not increase its impact on the mind, the body. Brain wave studies show mj to slow learning, reduce the frequency and intensity of thought, and to slow reaction time. The stress on the cardiovascular system increases as the potency increases. MJ impacts females and especially males in re a person’s sexual/hormonal system. Fertility goes down, impotence rises with males.
The “A-motivational Syndrome” is a key symptom of the mj abuser; long term goals are put aside, the person lives in the moment and settles for less.

10. Marijuana 15 Times Stronger than ‘70s
Keeps People from Achieving Their Potential
Often Laced w/ Other Drugs
Hooks into Fat Cells
Often I use the image of holding a can of beer, pouring it out, pouring in 151 proof rum, and then drinking it like a normal beer to illustrate the increase in potency. Because effects come on gradually people don’t realize the long term effects especially the interference with long term goals and the reaching of their potential. Effects on motor coordination and judgment are especially dangerous. Transportation tasks are very impaired (reaction time, tracking, visual adaptation). URINALYSIS is very effective against mj because marijuana hooks into fat cells to a much greater degree than other drugs.

11. Cocaine & Methamphetamine
The “Up Twins”
Similarities:
Increased Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Energy, Activity, Insomnia, Euphoria followed by Depression, Neural Disruption, “Wired”, Addiction
Cocaine and Methamphetamine share about 90% of the same symptoms, both being intensive illegal stimulants. The body gears up for “fight or flight” and the brain gets “up”, users often experiencing feelings of euphoria. The trouble is both the body and the brain have to pay for this up. The body “crashes” and energy turns into fatigue. The mind goes from euphoria to depression, and the higher the “up” the more intense the depression. Both drugs affect neural transmitters and produce feelings of being “wired” because of their intensity.

12. COCAINE vs. Methamphetamine Crack vs. ICE
Differences:
Coke=> Shorter, Bigger Surge
Ice=> Voices & Bugs, Paranoia, Violence
While cocaine produces a more intense “rush”, meth lasts longer. This may be the main reason why some people are using both drugs - in the past users preferred one over the other.
While both drugs produce paranoia and tendencies to violence, meth, especially in the purer stronger form “ice”, seems to push the users further in this direction. While at high doses cocaine users may experience visual hallucinations, it is the ice users that “hear voices”. In addition to auditory hallucinations, tactile hallucinations are also common with meth users (e.g. scratching at non-existent bugs)

13. Cocaine Highly Addicting Dealing & Stealing High Dying Potential
Often in Up/Down Combos => w/ Heroin
If you want to get “up” , stimulants will do that for you. The trouble with today’s stimulants is that they get you too far up. This “up” makes you feel “wired”, edgy. It is so uncomfortable that users can’t wait until there’s a natural slow down (the drug leaving one’s system), they want to slow down immediately, which means taking a downer. An up & a down then engage in a tug-of-war internally causing major problems. A particular problem is the $ of the drug, $3,500-$4,000 a month for either a coke or meth addict. This means dealing or stealing, most commonly in the unit.

14. Methamphetamine - “Ice”
High Potential for Violence, Addiction, & Death
The Drug of Choice in Hawaii
2-3 Months Addiction Time
Losing One’s Mind & Will
The reason many call Hawaii the methamphetamine capital of the country is that a higher percentage of users here use the very pure, very dangerous form called “ice” (90%+) than any other state. Soldiers smoking ice for the first time will probably like it and want to use it again. The problem is when they use it again they will feel good but not as good as the first time => so they will take some more to recapture the feeling of the first high. Increasing the dosage this way (chasing the high) leads the average person to full-on addiction in 2-3 months.

15. Ecstasy (Methamphetamine) vs. Herbal Ecstasy (Ephedrine)
Ecstasy: Powerful Stimulant & Hallucinogen
Herbal Ecstasy: Dangerous When Taken in Multiple Doses or When Soldier is Susceptible
Ecstasy is methylenedioxymethylamphetamine -MDMA- a powerful form of meth that also has some properties of the hallucinogen, mescaline. Herbal Ecstasy is NOT meth but Ephedrine, another stimulant which used to be common over the counter. Although Herbal Ecstasy is not nearly as powerful as Ecstasy, many people are taking it in multiple doses to get high. Because of this ephedrine products are being tightly controlled in many states. Ephedrine is also the drug from which many dealers make meth.

16. Hallucinogens Therapeutic Use Street Abuse Army Testing Begins in 1989
Users Easy to Spot
Like most drugs, hallucinogens when used appropriately can help people. In the 50s LSD, for example, was used effectively in therapy with cancer patients and alcoholics. When used recreationally in the streets at 8-10 times the prescribed dosage, “bad trips” triggered major trauma and problems for users. Because the dosage unit is so small (millionths of a gram) we couldn’t tested for hallucinogens for many years. In 1987 technology caught up with hallucinogens, and in 1989 the Army began hallucinogen testing. While it leaves the body rapidly, soldiers who are “tripping” are easy to spot and command-directed urinalysis very effective

17. Hallucinogens
Effects: Focus X, Distortions, Nausea, Disorientation, Performance X, Communications X, Panic, TRAUMA
At low dosages, hallucinogens like LSD (the most popular hallucinogen in Hawaii) disrupt a lot of our normal neural functioning - e.g. it interferes with our ability to focus, it distorts our perceptions, it impairs our ability to function and it makes us very nauseous (chaotic messages to the digestive system). At high dosages it interferes with our ability to communicate and it starts stripping away meaning - e.g.. users no longer understand the nature and relationship of their environment. This renders them unable to function and creates extreme panic and trauma.

18. Hallucinogens Things to Remember: Its Advantages are Its Disadvantages
Not Counteractable
Extreme Trauma/FlashB
# 1 on Army Hit List
Soldiers tend to think they’re getting a bargain because the high is so long (12-16 hours), but it turns out to be way too long. And we have no drug to counteract the effects. If a soldier is caught in a “bad trip” send him/her over to the Urgent Care Clinic. They will monitor vital signs and try to make the soldier feel safe & secure.. Because of the extreme trauma this drug can produce flashbacks are an ever present possibility. For this and many other reasons the Army considers soldiers who have taken hallucinogens to be UNRELIABLE. These soldiers exit the Army quickly and painfully.

19. Depressants 1950’s - Sleeping Pills 1960’s - Barbiturates
(Seconal & Phenobarbital)
The harder you have to work to get high from a drug, the less likely you are to abuse it. Once depressants became available in pill and capsule form their abuse skyrocketed. Sleeping Pills were much abused in the 50s so we turned to barbiturates which were supposed to be less addicting, less dangerous, and, in fact, were more so. Benzodiazepines which replaced barbs in the 70s were in fact less dangerous - like a 22 is less dangerous than a 45 - still strong enough to hurt you and even kill you. Ludes while still popular have all but disappeared. 90% of the street Ludes turn out to be valium in disguise.
1970 to present - Benzodiazepines
(Valium, Librium, Xanax)
Others - Methaqualone, Miltown

20. Depressants - Effects Slowed Down, Sleepy; Impaired Thinking,
Coordination; Mood
Swings, Stressed Heart
Flip Side Withdrawal
Like other depressants, these drugs will slow you down, make you sleepy and if you take too many they will put you to sleep permanently. Like alcohol, benzos like valium impair your thinking, slow your reaction time, muck up your coordination, stress your heart, poison your other organs, and change your personality - often not for the better. Coming off these drugs will take you “up” unpleasantly => make you anxious, unable to sleep, irritable, unable to concentrate etc..
OVERDOSE: Confusion, Cramps, Vomiting, Convulsions, Death......

21. Used by Soldiers at “Raves” High Risk and Potential Overdose
Rohypnol & GHB
Date Rape / Rip Off Drugs
Alcohol Extenders:
Used by Soldiers at “Raves” High Risk and Potential Overdose
Rohypnol (Roofies) & GHB are the new depressants on the block, trendy and deadly. Both have been used by civilians as date rape and rip-off drugs. Both are around 10 times stronger than valium, and when slipped into someone’s alcoholic drink get a whopping reaction - the victim is confused, out-of-control, in a walking blackout, and the next morning will remember little if anything under the influence. The combo is also strong enough to kill. Those catch using these drugs to take control of someone are charged with kidnapping, a class A felony (20yrs). Soldiers have been using these drugs as alcohol extenders at parties to keep feeling “blasted”. This is another good way to overdose & die.

22. DEPRESSANTS Things To Remember * Fast Addiction Pattern
* High % of Addiction
While crack and ice have very quick addiction patterns (2-3 months), depressants like valium are even faster (40-45 days). And the percentage of regular users who are addicted to this kind of drug is the highest of the common drugs of abuse (66%). Depressants by themselves have a high potential for overdose, especially barbiturates. When mixed with other depressants (like alcohol), the potential increases dramatically. One valium + one drink of alcohol does not equal 2, it equals 4 or 5 for most people - a synergistic reaction.
* High Potential for Dying

23. NARCOTICS The Naturals: Opium, Morphine, Heroin
People often say they only do healthy, “natural” drugs. Natural or Artificial, a drug is a drug is a drug. The Natural narcotics are heroin etc.. while the synthetic or artificial narcotics are codeine etc. One can just as easily become addicted to or overdose from one as the other.
The Synthetics: Percodan, Demerol, Codeine

24. NARCOTICS Effects Sleepy, Pinpoint Pupils, Cold Skin, Warm Body
Excessive Use: Organ Damage, Endocarditis, Abscesses
Like Alcohol and Depressants, Narcotics will slow you down. Take too many and they will slow you down permanently. Because of their strength narcotics will inflict heavy damage on your internal organs. If you suddenly withdraw, your body will protest vigorously. The withdrawal may not be quite as life threatening as a depressant withdrawal but with the extreme cramps, nausea etc. you may wish you would die. Overdosing is a very real concern especially if you combine narcotics with other downers.
OVERDOSE: Convulsions, Coma, Death
WITHDRAWAL: Cramps, Tremors, Nausea, Sweating, Runny Nose, Watery Eyes

25. NARCOTICS Things To Remember * AIDS
* Combining with Uppers (e.g. “speedballing cocaine”
* Combining with Downers (e.g. alcohol)
* High Potency Varieties (e.g. black tar, designer drugs)
From 1950 to 1990 heroin addicts held steady at approximately 250,000 addicts. Since 1990 heroin use and addiction has been rising. In addition to shooting, users now snort and dust heroin. Shooting, however, is still the favorite method of ingestion. This makes AIDS a major concern and possibility. Combining with uppers is very dangerous (e.g.. Chris Farley). Combining with downers even more so. The synergistic interaction between downers (like heroin and alcohol) produces a multiple and very intense effect which is often fatal. Another real danger is high potency narcotics like Black Tar and Fentanyl variants.

26. Inhalants The Hidden Addiction:
Readily Available => Gas, Glue, Sprays, Paint, Polish, Cleaning Fluid, Medications, Poppers, White Out, Scented Pens....
Some may think that inhalants is a kid’s addiction. The average age of abusers may be but the effects are definitely adult. Adults who gravitate to inhalants generally do so because they’re cheap, easy to get a hold of, and inconspicuous. Potential inhalants are all around us. Some (like cooking sprays, white out etc.) may or may not produce inhalant effects. If sniffing or huffing the substance makes you lightheaded, causes your heart to accelerate, and your face and body to flush, these are inhalant symptoms.

27. Inhalants
Effects: Feeling Light-Headed, Light-Sensitive, Sores, Nose Bleeds => Organ Damage, Bone Marrow, Increasing Dysfunction, Withdrawal, Addiction, Overdose
Because this very noxious drug is inhaled through the nose this is where you get the first reactions: the skin around the nose turns red, later it dies and peals away, then mucous (snot) starts to regularly run down your nose, nose bleeds start, sores form around the nose & mouth, and this is just the cosmetic damage. Inside, this drug is tearing you up. This is the only drug of the top ten that we talk about, that will actually destroy cells in your bone marrow. In addition, it will produce full-on physiological and psychological addiction, and users can quickly develop tolerance.

28. Inhalants Things to Remember: Very Short High, Very High Dosage Rate,
High Addiction & Overdose Potential
Although we often are around inhalants like paint, gas and glue, it is the recreational user who is at risk here, the user who deep breathes the inhalant, holds it in for maximum effect and then continues to dose up to maintain their high. Since the inhalant high is so short (15-60 seconds), an abuser who wishes to stay high for four hours (what we call a party run) would have to “huff” 240 doses. This is why the potential for inhalant overdose and/or addiction is very high. As an example, think of drinking 240 beers in a four hour period! or 240 lines of cocaine!

29. Anabolic Steroids Invented in 1935 Widely Used & Promoted in the ‘50s
Discouraged Use
Non-Athlete Use: 1990s
Do not get these steroid mixed up with catabolic steroids which are anti-inflamitories. Anabolic Steroids build muscle. An artificial form of testosterone, these steroids heighten protein production which in turn produces more muscle, so users (who are active) build muscles at a greatly accelerated rate (20X faster than is natural for the body). While use of these drugs is highly discouraged, use among athletes remain high (an estimated 35% of international athletes take them) In this society winning is everything so steroids are attractive. Also non-athlete use has been rising because being “cut” is seen as attractive.

30. Anabolic Steroids
Effects: Building Muscle Mass - getting bigger, stronger, faster. Puffy Face, Acne, Jaundice, Extremities, Organ Damage,
ROID RAGE
“Long Term Death”
While the cosmetic changes anabolic steroids bring are not pleasant, zits, sickly yellowish skin etc.., they are minor compared to the major organ damage being incurred - the liver, the pancreas, the heart etc..
The most visible symptom of steroid abuse is psychological: Roid Rage, anger which is often uncontrollable, on a short trigger, exploding into VIOLENCE. In a study in the late ‘80s, 90% of steroid abusers had a documented violent incident.
While steroid abusers seldom overdose, “long term death” is quick; average profile - start abusing steroids at 18, die at 32.

31. Anabolic Steroids Things to Remember:
Most buy Steroids Illegally, are not under medical care, and take in megadoses.
Excess Use Causes Too Many Changes, Too Fast For The Body to Handle
The killing part of steroids is the megadoses abusers take this drug in: times that of a medicinal dose. It is only with this massive dose that the abusers get the effect they want - big muscles, better performance, increased ability. For this they pay a heavy price - typically a destroyed body and death in their early 30s. While this drug is mostly water soluble and out of one’s system rapidly, users are fairly easy to identify in urinalysis because of their “task habituated addiction” and fear that once they stop their body “will disappear”. (There is a rapid reverting to normal body size)