2. Means of Effective Management zDivision of Work (Simple Specialization) yThe breaking down of the total work into a number of smaller tasks that can be easily performed by individuals zEncouraging Individual Efforts zGoals of Individual Effort

3. Delegation zthe process by which formal authority is granted to a subordinate to accomplish a specific task

4. When will we delegate? zIf subordinate can do better at less expenses and better timing zas part of training program zanything which is within subordinate’s own stated function zto allow subordinate to demonstrate promotion suitability

5. Not Delegate zSetting objectives and policies zemployees’ appraisal zexercise of disciplinary power

6. Barriers to Delegation

7. Advantages of Delegation zRelieve workload of managers zmanagers have more time to make important decision zenhances the morale and self confidence of subordinates zbetter decision zhelp training and learning process of subordinates

8. Effective Delegation zCarefully decide the tasks that can be delegated zdelegate according to subordinates’ abilities zprovide training to subordinates zestablish a good feedback and control system zresponsibility cannot be delegated away zdelegation requires commitments from both superiors and subordinates

9. Team Spirit zThe vigorous sense of membership in a group working towards common objectives

10. Characteristics of Effective Teams Good communication Good communication Unified commitment Unified commitment Negotiating skills Appropriate leadership Appropriate leadership Mutual Trust Internal & external support Internal & external support Clear goals Relevant skills EFFECTIVE TEAM

11. Management by Objective (MBO) za system is which specific performance objectives are jointly determined by subordinates and their superiors, progress toward objectives is periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress

12. Steps of MBO approach zSuperiors and subordinates jointly set objectives zthey mutually agree on the objectives zsubordinate have autonomy in deciding the ways to accomplish the objectives zsuperiors periodically review subordinates’ performance against the objectives

13. Advantages & Disadvantages of MBO