1. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Other Justice & Governance Agencies Part 2 Crime, Justice & Security Statistics Produced in Collaboration between World Bank Institute and the Development Data Group (DECDG)

2. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Election agencies – general A non-corrupt election process is a hallmark of a good system of governance in a country. One way to measure this is through statistics on the working of the electoral system. Aspects needing to be measured are. 1.The way of working of the registration process for electors 2.The way that candidates can register for their election 3.The effectiveness of the way voting is conducted 4.The way that results are published 5.The independence of the whole process Different Statistics would be needed for each of these aspects. 2

3. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Election Statistics Aspects of system to be monitored Statistics needed Working of registration process for electors a. Counts of registration, by constituency. b. Opinions of ease of registration. Working of registering process for candidates a.Number of candidates registered b.Opinion about ease of registration Working of the voting system itself a.Number of votes on the day b.Opinions about voting process Way results are publisheda.Speed of publication b.Cross-checks made: eg comparisons with total registrations Independence of the processa.Returning officers opinions on process b.Candidates/Journalists opinions on process 3

4. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Registration agencies- general Many developing countries have a registration system for all adults, which serves as a useful basis for estimating how much demand there will be for local services and gives a process for the individual to prove his identity when seeking services. Statistics from such a system are useful for different purposes: 1.Seeing if the registration system is working well in providing estimates of demand. 2.Seeing if the system works well in establishing individual identity 3.Estimating future demands for the service 4.Cross-checking estimates made of total population numbers in different regions of the country. Different statistics would be needed for each purpose. 4

5. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Registration Statistics Purposes of the systemStatistics needed Does the system provide estimates of demand a.Comparisons of local totals with census figures b.Opinions of service providers as the usefulness of registration system Does the system establish individual identity Surveys of holders of identity cards as to how useful they are in providing evidence of identity Estimating future demandsOpinions of service providers about usefulness in estimating future demand Cross-checking estimates of census figures Opinions of CSO and other statistical agencies about usefulness of registration data 5

6. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Immigration Agencies All countries have an agency to ensure that only those welcome in the country enter at ports, airports and other borders. The purpose of these agencies varies: the roles that need to be monitored are: 1.To control the inflow and outflow of people 2.To make estimates of flow of people into and out of the country, analysed by type: such as tourists, businessmen or migrant workers 3.To reduce crime that could be committed by migrants, either on entry (trafficking people, goods) or after entry (illegal working, terrorism, organised crime, drugs) Statistics needed will vary according to these purposes. 6

7. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Immigration Statistics Aspect to be monitoredStatistics needed Control inflow and outflow a.Workload of service: number of passengers investigated at various levels. b.Numbers given different types of clearance to enter. To make estimates of numbers of migrants and their expenditure a. Counts of inflow by nationality and type b. Counts of outflow by nationality and type c. Amount spent while in country to estimate contribution to national accounts To reduce crimeNumber of people stopped at the border on suspicion of being criminal. 7

8. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Publication of Statistics All agencies should publish regular statistics, usually as part of their annual report, as well as on their web site, so that they can be accessible for public discussion. Summary statistics should also be published by the Central Statistical Office in their social statistics publication This publication should be in a popular form, with charts and graphs included for easy reading by the media and the press. The publication should include simply indicators so that trends and comparisons can be easily made. 8

9. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Examples of Election statistics There are many examples of countries that publish statistics on areas covered in this Module: eg. Election Statistics: 1. The official electoral commission of the Philippines publishes a very detailed web site of figures on http://www.comelec.gov.ph/http://www.comelec.gov.ph/ 2.The South Africa electoral commission publishes very detailed results on its web site http://www.elections.org.za/NPEPWStaticReports/Default.aspx http://www.elections.org.za/NPEPWStaticReports/Default.aspx 3.Results from the India 2009 election are published in great detail on the web site http://www.indian- elections.com/andhrapradesh/adilabad.htmlhttp://www.indian- elections.com/andhrapradesh/adilabad.html Typically all these countries publish results by each voting area, showing votes cast for each candidate, with a good deal of material to understand better the figures included. 9

10. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Anti-Corruption Statistics The Kenya anti-corruption commission publishes its annual National Corruption Perception Survey on the web site: http://www.kacc.go.ke/docs/Surveys/National%20Corruption%20Per ception%20Survey%202007.pdf http://www.kacc.go.ke/docs/Surveys/National%20Corruption%20Per ception%20Survey%202007.pdf The research organisation Transparency International carries out surveys of business people to find out their own estimates of the extent of corruption in each country. These are published annually on their web site: a user friendly global map can be found on http://media.transparency.org/imaps/cpi2009/ http://media.transparency.org/imaps/cpi2009/ A useful international comparison of anti-corruption activities in South Africa including various comparative statistics has been published by the UN on its web site: http://www.unodc.org/pdf/southafrica/southafrica_corruption.pdf http://www.unodc.org/pdf/southafrica/southafrica_corruption.pdf 10

11. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Immigration Statistics A useful copy of the basic statistics form for a residence permit in South Africa can be found on the web site at http://www.statssa.gov.za/additional_services/questionnaires/Immigr ation%20form_bi947.pdf http://www.statssa.gov.za/additional_services/questionnaires/Immigr ation%20form_bi947.pdf An example of summary population data, including migration for South Africa can be found on http://www.migrationinformation.org/resources/southafrica.cfm http://www.migrationinformation.org/resources/southafrica.cfm The UK publishes good statistics about immigration and overseas travel on the web site of the Office of National Statistics: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/ott0610.pdf http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/ott0610.pdf 11

12. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Conclusion Many developing countries have developed new governance agencies to deal with their own situations: these cover such aspects as young people, law reform, anti-corruption, immigration, elections and registration of the population. Each of these agencies has various jobs to do. Each job needs to be monitored by collecting special statistics. Many of these statistics will involve analysis of registers kept by the agencies: others will involve surveys of the experiences and views of people who come into contact with the agencies. The Module includes examples of the statistics associated with these different jobs and shows examples of statistics produced by several countries. 12