2. India Unites: The Mauryan and Gupta Dynasties

3. Standard  SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. Element  a. Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka.  e. Explain how the geography of the Indian Subcontinent contributed to the movement of people and ideas.

5. Aryan Age ends with Invasion of Darius and Alexander

6. India begins to Unite c. 400-300BCE Persia first united NW India under Cyrus and Darius

7. Extent of Maurya Empire at establishment

8. Politics Founded by Chandragupta Maurya ( 324 to 301 B.C.) Increased centralized government control over regional kingdoms large army of 700,000 secret police to watch for treason  301 BCE gave up his throne to & became a Jain monk (extreme Buddhism)

9. Chandragupta Maurya  Created the first great Indian Empire in 321 B.C.  Great Capital at Pataliputra  Schools  Libraries  Palaces  Temples  Wall around the city – 530 towers and 64 gates Mauryan Statuette, 2nd Century BC

10. Chandragupta 321 B.C. – 185 B.C.  First gained power in the Ganges Valley  Conquered Northern India  His son and grandson later pushed into Southern India to add to the empire  321 B.C. to 185 B.C. Maurya dynasty ruled over vast, united empire

11. Chandragupta 321 B.C. – 185 B.C  Order maintained through well-organized bureaucracy  Royal officials supervised the building of roads and harbors  Officials collected taxes and managed state owned factories and shipyards  People sought justice in royal courts

12. Chandragupta 321 B.C. – 185 B.C  Rule was effective but harsh  Brutal secret police reported on crime, corruption, and dissent  Had specially trained women warriors to guard the palace

13. Ashoka – 268 B.C. – 232 B.C.  Most honored Maurya Emperor  The grandson of Chandragupta  Became emperor in 268 B.C.  Conquered the Deccan Region known as Kalinga  Brutal military commander who extended the Empire throughout S. and E. India

14. Battle of Kalinga 260 BC  Battle of Kalinga - 260 BC  100,000 Kalingans died  150,000 Kalingans driven from their home  More died from disease & starvation in the aftermath of the destruction brought on by the war  “What have I done?”  Ashoka and many Indian leaders converted to Buddhism after this battle and became pacifists  He spent the rest of his life encouraging non- violence, moderation and Buddhist principles to India

15. Ashoka – 268 B.C. – 232 B.C  Set up stone pillars across India with laws inscribed upon them.  Also promised a righteous government  Rule brought peace and prosperity  Helped unite India  Built Hospitals and Buddhist shrines  Roads and rest houses for travelers

16. Asoka’s Buddhist Rock and Pillar Edicts  spread Buddhist principles  scattered in more than 30 places in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan.  Each pillar is 40’-50’ high.  helped bring order and unity to India

17. Ashoka – 268 B.C. – 232 B.C  Became a vegetarian  Limited Hindu animal sacrifices  Sent missionaries to spread Buddhism across India and to Sri Lanka  Preached tolerance for other religions