1. Water

2. Vocabulary Hydrogen bonds – the positive side of water sticks to the negative side Hydrogen bonds – the positive side of water sticks to the negative side Cohesion – water sticks to water Cohesion – water sticks to water Surface tension – water can make a type of blanket when it sticks together. Surface tension – water can make a type of blanket when it sticks together. Adhesion – water sticks to other things Adhesion – water sticks to other things Capillary action – water can defy gravity and move up a root or even a paper. Capillary action – water can defy gravity and move up a root or even a paper.

3. More Vocab Polarity – there are two poles a negative end that is the oxygen and a positive end with two hydrogen Polarity – there are two poles a negative end that is the oxygen and a positive end with two hydrogen Hydrophilic - "water-loving" Hydrophilic - "water-loving" Hydrophobic - "water-hating“ Hydrophobic - "water-hating“

4. Its Everywhere! Water covers about three fourths of the surface of the earth? Water covers about three fourths of the surface of the earth? It makes up from 50 to 95 percent of the weight of living organisms. It makes up from 50 to 95 percent of the weight of living organisms. The cytoplasm of a cell is a water-based solution that contains a variety of ions, salts, and molecules which make life 'happen.' The cytoplasm of a cell is a water-based solution that contains a variety of ions, salts, and molecules which make life 'happen.' Water is literally involved in every facet of life. Water is literally involved in every facet of life.

5. Cohesion Structure to function: Structure to function: –Many of these unexpected properties of water are due to the fact that water molecules are attracted to each other like small magnets this attraction results in turn from the structure of the water molecule and the characteristics of the atoms it contains. this attraction results in turn from the structure of the water molecule and the characteristics of the atoms it contains. It also boils and freezes at much too high, or low, of a temperature for a molecule of its size. It also boils and freezes at much too high, or low, of a temperature for a molecule of its size.boils freezes boils freezes

6. What are you made of? two atoms of hydrogen two atoms of hydrogen one atom of oxygen one atom of oxygen This is the familiar formula, H2O. This is the familiar formula, H2O. Hydrogen Bonding hydrogen in water will take on a partial positive charge oxygen will take on a partial negative charge These partial charges cause water molecules to 'stick' to each other like magnets.

7. Hydrogen Bonding hydrogen in water will take on a partial positive charge hydrogen in water will take on a partial positive charge oxygen will take on a partial negative charge oxygen will take on a partial negative charge These partial charges cause water molecules to 'stick' to each other like magnets. These partial charges cause water molecules to 'stick' to each other like magnets. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/19222-simply-science-whats-so- special-about-water-video.htm

8. The Climbing Property of Water The Climbing Property of Water Draw a dot with a pen on a strip of coffee filter. Draw a dot with a pen on a strip of coffee filter. Drip the bottom in some water Drip the bottom in some water See how it can climb See how it can climb This is the capillary action This is the capillary action

9. Surface Tension & Adhesion How many drops can you get on a penny before it overflows? How many drops can you get on a penny before it overflows?

10. Effects of Detergent Put Detergent on the penny and then try to add drops of water. Put Detergent on the penny and then try to add drops of water. What happens? What happens? Soap is Amphipathic - a molecule that is "water-loving" (i.e., polar) at one end and "water-hating" (i.e., nonpolar) at the other end; helps hold polar and nonpolar molecules together; characteristic of detergents and of the phospholipid molecules in the membranes of living things Soap is Amphipathic - a molecule that is "water-loving" (i.e., polar) at one end and "water-hating" (i.e., nonpolar) at the other end; helps hold polar and nonpolar molecules together; characteristic of detergents and of the phospholipid molecules in the membranes of living things

11. Adhesion Experiment Drop water on some wax paper. Drop water on some wax paper. Try to drag it around with the dropper. Try to drag it around with the dropper. Try to split it apart and watch what happens. Try to split it apart and watch what happens.

12. Density Density - the mass per unit volume of a substance. Density - the mass per unit volume of a substance. Water and oil Water and oil Water at different temperatures Water at different temperatures Water with different salinity levels Water with different salinity levels

13. Concept 3.3: Dissociation of water molecules leads to acidic and basic conditions that affect living organisms A hydrogen atom in a hydrogen bond between two water molecules can shift from one to the other: A hydrogen atom in a hydrogen bond between two water molecules can shift from one to the other: –The hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind and is transferred as a proton, or hydrogen ion (H + ) –The molecule with the extra proton is now a hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) –The molecule that lost the proton is now a hydroxide ion (OH - )

14. LE 3-UN53 Hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) Hydroxide ion (OH – )

15. WATER Should have a pH of 7 –Acidic things have a low pH and lots of Hydrogen. (0-6) –Basic things have a high pH and a low amount of Hydrogen. (8-14) –Things that are neutral are at 7 –pH is a scale of 0-14

16. pH scale The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=M8tTEL ZD5Ek http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=M8tTEL ZD5Ek http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=M8tTEL ZD5Ek http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=M8tTEL ZD5Ek

17. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6. The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more alkaline (another way to say basic) than the next lower whole value. The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more alkaline (another way to say basic) than the next lower whole value. For example, pH 10 is ten times more alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than pH 8. For example, pH 10 is ten times more alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than pH 8.

18. Ionization of Water: Ionization of Water: Water molecules exist in equilibrium with hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. Water molecules exist in equilibrium with hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. H2O H+ + OH- H2O H+ + OH- hydroxide ions & hydrogen ions

19. BUFFERS Buffers: substances that minimize changes in pH. Buffers: substances that minimize changes in pH. They accept H+ from a solution when there is an access and donate H+ when there is a depletion. They accept H+ from a solution when there is an access and donate H+ when there is a depletion.