1. Anticoagulants

2. Roman Numerical Nomenclature of Blood-Clotting Factors and Some Common Synonyms
Fibrinogen II
Prothrombin
III
Thromboplastin, tissue factor IV
Calcium V
Proaccelerin, accelerator globulin, labile factor VI
(this number is not used)
VII
Proconvertin, stable factor, autoprothrombin I, SPCA
VIII
Antihemophilic factor, Antihemophilic globulin, platelet cofactor II, Antihemophilic II. IX
Plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), Christmas factor, platelet cofactor II, autoprothrombin II, antihemophilic factor B. X
Stuart-Power factor, Stuart factor, autoprothrombin III XI
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), antihemophilic factor C.
Hageman factor
Fibrin-stabilizing factor, fibrinase, Laki-Lorand factor

4. Uses of anticoagulants:-
in blood transfusion (maintain blood fluidity)
To avoid thromboses.
Drugs used to prevent thromboses are classified into:-
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets drugs (Inhibitors of platelet aggregation, Prostaglandin inhibitors)
Antifibrinolytic agents.

5. 1-Anticoagulants

6. Agents which inhibit thrombin formation
(Heparin)

7. Heparin is known as heparinic acid.
It is a mucopolysaccharide isolated from liver.
It is acidic polysaccharide molecule comprised of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid residue.

8. Anticoagulant Mechanism

9. Vitamin K antagonists are classified chemically as
4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives
Indandione derivatives.

10. 1. 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives

11. 3,3̀-methylene bis[4-hydroxycoumarin]
Dicumarol
3,3̀-methylene bis[4-hydroxycoumarin]
Dicumarol is used alone or with heparin in the prophylaxis and treatment of intravascular clotting.

12. Synthesis of Dicumarol

13. Ethyl bis coumacetate (Tremoxan)
3,3̀-Ethoxy carbonyl methylene bis[4-hydroxycoumarin]

14. Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin)
3-(α-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin
By virtue of its great potency, warfarin sodium at first was considered unsafe for use in human and was used effectively as rodenticide.
At the proper dose, however, it can be used in humans especially by the intravenous rout.

15. Synthesis

16. Phenprocoumon (Liquamar)
3-(α-Ethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin
Phenprocoumon has been shown to possess marked and prolonged anticoagulant activity.

17. 2- Indandione derivatives.

18. Phenandione (Dindivan)
2-Phenyl-1,3indandione

19. Synthesis

20. Anisindione (Miradon)
2-(p-Methylphenyl)-1,3indandione
Anisindione is a p-methoxy congener of phenandione.

21. 2-Antiplatelets drugs

23. Aspirin
Acetylsalicylic acid

24. Indomethacin

25. Dipyridamol (Persantin)

26. 3-Antifibrinolytic Drugs

27. Streptokinase
It is a protein purified from culture broths of Group C β-hemolytic streptococci bacteria.
Alone it has no intrinsic enzymatic activity.
To be active:
It forms 1:1 complex with plasminogen.
This complex acts to convert uncomplexed plasminogen to the active fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin which degrades fibrin clot.