1. Denica Dione Patterson ABORIGINAL HOLISTIC MODEL

2. Absence of art therapy or quality art programs within prisons Sporadic programming Healing lodges Aboriginal values, traditions and beliefs Justice and reconciliation Holistic and spiritual Art activism WHAT IS HAPPENING IN CANADA: (Correctional Service Canada Healing Lodges; Lu & Yuen, 2012; Archibald, 2012)

3. “creative arts are seen as a part of a larger holistic model of healing that connects people to culture, spirituality, and identity” (p.193) “art therapy can be used as a tool for social change when it can be flexible, self-critical, and open to integrating the host community’s culture, ideals, structure, and concepts” (p.193) (Lu & Yuen, 2012)

4. “The techniques of art therapy are based on the knowledge that every individual, whether trained or untrained in art, has a latent capacity to project his inner conflicts into visual form” (p.12) “Historically, Indigenous societies throughout the world have used visual arts, dance, music, dramatic re-enactment, and story telling in everyday life as well as in celebrations, governance, rituals, and healing ceremonies” (p.55) (Archibald, 2012)

5. Indigenous Conceptions of the World and Humanity: Holistic Relational, interconnectedness Eurocentric Conceptions of the World & Humanity Scientific Reductionist, independence HOLISTIC: (Montgomery, 2014)

6. HUMAN NEEDS: Emotions Harmonious relationships Identity Recognition/belonging Capacities for creative, rational, logical and intellectual functioning Choice of thoughts and attitudes for moral and ethical issues Desires for love, justice, unity and peace (Loiselle and Lauretta, 2006)

7. INDIGENOUS HOLISTIC PHILOSOPHY: Physical/Material Emotional/Relational Mental/Intellectual Spiritual/Cultural

8. SEEKS TO: Promote health and wellness Interconnectedness, balance and harmony to reach full potential If one part is effected, so are the rest Enhance awareness and understanding of self, restoring relationships and well-being Awaken individual Allow for acknowledgement and acceptance for behaviour Accountability to family, community and society Create self-discipline Motivation and stimulation Change negative and destructive attitudes, thinking, self-talk and behaviours Heal individuals, groups and communities (Loiselle and Lauretta, 2006; Wenger-Nabigon, 2010)

9. APPROACH: Person-in-environment and Self-in- relation…to self, others, community Individuals Families Communities Pro-active Empowering View life, self-reflection NOT for crisis, NOT ‘quick fix’ (Loiselle and Lauretta, 2006; Wenger-Nabigon, 2010)

10. RELATION TO SPAN: SPAN believes: “That artists offer a vital opportunity to support learning, well being and self–expression to Scotland’s offenders.” “That a connected arts community can strengthen the quality and impact of the artist placed in a criminal justice context.” (http://www.scottishprisonarts.net)

11. WHO SPAN WORKS WITH Artists (Mesosystem) Scottish Prison (Exosystem) Learning Centres (Exosystem) Offenders (Microsystem) Families (Mesosystem) Partner Agencies (Exosystem) The Scottish Arts Scene (Macrosystem)

12. RELATION TO SPS – HOLISTIC: “Our justice system must therefore enable rehabilitation as well as punishment…this requires a holistic, joined-up approach that reaches out from justice into areas such as health, housing and education.” (p.2) “a more holistic approach is required to develop the motivation and hope required to move on from offending” (p. 84) Operating Task: “Helping to protect the public and reduce reoffending through the delivery of safe and secure custodial services that empower offenders to take responsibility and fulfill their potential.” (p. 2) Care: “Supporting wellbeing and treating with respect and humanity all in our care.” (p. 2) (SPS, 2013)

13. RELATION TO SPS – HOLISTIC COMMUNITY: “more holistic range of activities designed to build upon strengths, potential and social networks as well as addressing risks and needs” (p. 88) “understanding the relationships between the community, the prison and the individual and the necessary permeability required of a whole system and asset-cased approach to collaboration that puts the offender at the centre of its efforts.” (p. 168) person-centered model, strengthen family and social ties (p.169) (SPS, 2013)

15. References: Archibald, L. (2012). Dancing, Singing, Painting, and Speaking the Healing Story: Healing through Creative Arts. The Aboriginal Healing Foundation Research Series. (1- 101). Ottawa, ON: Aboriginal Healing Foundation. Correctional Service Canada Healing Lodges. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2016, from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/aboriginal/002003-2000-eng.shtml Lu, L., Yuen, F. (2012). Journey women: Art therapy in a decolonization framework of practice. Elsevier Journal: The Arts In Psychotherapy, 39, 192-200. doi: 10.1016 Montgomery, H. M. (2014). Colliding Worldviews [Powerpoint Slides]. Scottish Prison Service. (November 2013). Unlocking potential: Transforming lives: Summary report of the Scottish prison service organizational review. SPAN. (2016). What SPAN believes, Who we work with. Retrieved January 14, 2016, from http://www.scottishprisonarts.net http://www.scottishprisonarts.net Wenger-Nabigon, A. (2010). The Cree medicine wheel as organizing paradigm of theories of human development. Laurentian University Press: Native Social Work Journal: 7, 139- 161.