1. Chapter 7 Planning and appraising watershed management

2. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 2 of 18 7.1 Introduction Human activities in one area can impact activities in other area. Watershed management activities have impacts on a number of different people. Today’s activities can impact tomorrow’s activities. Planning can help to avoid the negative impacts and to encourage the positive ones.

3. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 3 of 18 7.2 The planning process An overview Three major sets of elements involves in watershed management planning Objectives Problem analysis Higher level authorities directives Constraints Budget, physical-biological, social, cultural, political. Techniques

4. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 4 of 18 7.2 The planning process Analysis of watershed management practices Inputs and the costs Physical effects and environmental changes Benefits

5. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 5 of 18 7.2 The planning process Downstream sedimentation Time Reservoir capacity Without project With project

6. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 6 of 18 7.2 The planning process Upland productivity Time Productivity A F B C D E

7. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 7 of 18 7.2 The planning process Steps in the planning process 1.Monitoring and evaluate past activity and identify problems and opportunities. 2.Identify main characteristics of the problems/opportunities identified and define constraints and objectives (to overcome problems or take advantage of opportunities); develop strategies for action.

8. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 8 of 18 7.2 The planning process 3.Identify alternative actions to implement strategies, given the constraints. 4.Appraise and evaluate the impacts of alternatives, including environmental, social, and economic effects; assess uncertainty associated with results. 5.Rank or otherwise prioritize alternatives and recommend action when recommendations are requested.

9. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 9 of 18 7.2 The planning process Steps in the planning process 1.What is the problem - Problems 2.What we want to do - Objectives 3.What can we do - Opportunities 4.Which is the best - Impacts 5.Recommend the actions - Decision

10. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 10 of 18 A recommended planning and management approach (Heathcote, I. W., 1998, pp.12) 1.Develop an understanding of watershed components and processes, and of water uses, water users, and their needs 2.Identify and rank problems to be solved, or beneficial uses to be restored

11. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 11 of 18 3.Set clear and specific goals 4.Develop a set of planning constraints and decision criteria, including any weights that may be assigned to criteria 5.Identify an appropriate method of comparing management alternatives 6.Develop a list of management options

12. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 12 of 18 7.Eliminate options that are not feasible because of time, cost, space, or other constraints 8.Test the effectiveness of remaining feasible options using the method identified in (5) and the decision criteria and weights identified in (4) 9.Determine the economic impacts and legal implications of the various feasible management options and their environmental impacts

13. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 13 of 18 10.Develop several good management strategies, each encompassing one or more options, for the consideration of decision makers 11.Develop clear and comprehensive implementation procedures for the plan that is preferred by decision makers

14. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 14 of 18 规划步骤 （周年生，李彦东. 2000. pp.11 ） 初始阶段 1. 基础调查 2. 识别问题 3. 拟定目标 4. 制定标准 5. 确定方法

15. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 15 of 18 规划步骤 （周年生，李彦东. 2000. pp.11 ） 中间阶段 1. 社会经济发展预测 2. 自然资源基础 3. 建立数学模型 4. 制定规划方案 5. 进行影响评价

16. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 16 of 18 规划步骤 （周年生，李彦东. 2000. pp.11 ） 最后阶段 1. 信息反馈 2. 调整规划方案 3. 规划方案排序 4. 完成规划报告

17. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 17 of 18 Your planning and management approach

18. Chapter 8 Planning and appraising watershed management April 12, 2004Watershed management-- 16 18 of 18 7.3 Examples of watershed management Table 12.1 Table 12.2 Fig. 13