1. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) -Paine and Franklin met in London Changed his life and American history -Began his career as a journalist With Franklin’s help -Published “Common Sense” in 1776 Argued for American independence Created national mood for revolution -Enlisted in the army in 1776; helped with the American revolution -In 1787, became involved with the French revolution

2. “The Crisis, Number 1” - The Revolutionary War was already in progress when this essay was written - Paine wanted to encourage American colonists to endure the war because what they are fighting for is worth it Eventually turned into a speech -Helped build morale among the soldiers -Somewhat religious; mentions the power of God

3. Literary Terms -Persuasion: writing meant to convince readers to act or think a certain way Usually appeals to emotions or reason (pathos, logos) Most effective when there is evidence (logos, ethos) -Charged words: used to produce strong emotional responses (hope, tyranny, liberty, etc.) -Parallelism: repetition of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are alike in structure or meaning usually to emphasize importance and to have a memorable rhythm: Ex: I love to shop, to eat, and to sleep. (incorrect: I love shopping, to eat, and I sleep a lot) “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” “My fellow citizens, I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, and mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.” - Audience: different audiences shape writers’ style