1. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Maria Jaimes

2. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), sometimes referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), is a disorder involving a disturbance of identity in which two or more separate and distinct personality states (or identities) control the individual’s behavior at different times.

3. Dissociative Identity Disorder
In Dissociative Identity Disorder, a person develops more than one self or personality
Host Alters
The core personality Different identities

4. Associated Features Individual experiences two or more personalities
At least two of the personalities consistently take control of the person’s behavior
Each personality has own age, sex, race (postures, gestures, way of talking)
Inability to recognize themselves

5. The Host Passive & dependent Guilty Seeks professional help Depressed
Anxious
Compulsively ”good”
Masochistic
Moralistic

6. Alters Triggered by psychosocial stress or personally salient stimulus
Alters are usually different
Hostile
Demanding
Self-Destructive

7. Different Roles Children Expressers of forbidden impulses “Protectors”
“Helpers”
Avengers
Expressers of forbidden impulses
Personalities based on lost loved ones
Defenders

8. Associated Features
Individuals with Dissociative Identity Disorder may experience:
Lapses in memory
Blackouts in time
Depression
Mood Swings
Get flashbacks all of a sudden
May try to hurt themselves
Suicidal Tendencies
Sleep/Eating Disorders
Anxiety, panic attacks, phobia
Hallucinations
Claim they know people they’ve never seen

9. A. The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self).
B. At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior.
C. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
D. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., blackouts or chaotic behavior during alcohol intoxication) or a general medical condition (e.g., complex partial seizures). Note: In children, the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.
DSM-IV-TR Criteria

10. Etiology Environmental Biological Psychological Theory
Reaction to childhood trauma
Extreme abuse that began in early childhood (before the age of 9)
Can also occur because of one horrifying event
Having a family member with Dissociative Identity Disorder may have some effect on your vulnerability to this disorder
No proof that its hereditary

11. Prevalence
About 1% of the general population may have Dissociative Identity Disorder (1 out of 10,000)
7% percent of the population may have undiagnosed dissociative disorder
Woman make up the majority of the cases
Today we know that approximately 20% of the recorded cases are male.

12. Treatment Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
-Treatment for DID consists primarily of psychotherapy with hypnosis
Supportive care, including drug treatment as needed for associated symptoms
- Anti-anxiety medications
Cognitive-behavioral therapy

13. Prognosis
There has been no systematic study of long-term outcome in this disorder.
Symptoms are mainly dissociative
Symptoms accompanied with other disorders (i.e eating disorders, mood disorders, substance-abuse disorders)
Patients who are still emotionally attached to their abusers
In one study ,54 individuals out of 135 were located and reassessed after a 2-year period.

14. References
Eggertson, E. (2012). Who am I, again? Retrieved from AN=6FP &site=src-live.
Halgin, R.P. & Whitbourne, S.K. (2005). Abnormal psychology clinical
perspectives on psychological disorders. Ney York, NY; Mcgraw Hill.
Myers, D.G. (2011). Myers’ psychology for AP. Ney York, NY; Worth Publishers.
Daphne, S. (2008). Dissociative identity disorder. Retrieved from rders/dissociative_disorders/dissociative_identity_disorder.ht ml.

15. Discussion Question
At what times do you think we are dissociated from our own personality?
Do you think Dissociative Identity Disorder is real?