1. Caner ESENYEL Senior Expert on Family and Social Policy “Workshop on Social Assistance Systems” 13-15 October 2015 ANKARA, Turkey CENTRAL REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS IN TURKEY: The Case of Conditional Cash Transfer Program REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

2. 2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE: 1.Forewords, 2.Central Regular Assistance Programs implemented in Turkey 3.CCT Programs 4.CCT in Turkey 5.Impacts of CCT in Turkey 6.Remarks for further consideration 7.Questions-Answers REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

3. 3 FROM GENERAL&CASUAL SUBSIDIES TO SPECIALIZED&REGULAR ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance After the negative effects of 2002 global economic crisis has hit Turkey, a significant pursuit for a strong economical/social assistance system has been appeared; More target-oriented and accountable social assistance implementations has been launched IT systems have been succesfully integrated to minimise bureaucratic processes

4. 4 FROM GENERAL&CASUAL SUBSIDIES TO SPECIALIZED&REGULAR ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance Many Social Assistance Programs are being implemented by General Directorate of Social Assistance (GDSA) They are basically divided into 5 different categories; 1.Family Assistances 2.Education Assistances 3.Assistances for Specific Purposes 4.Thematic Central Regular Cash Transfers 5.Allowance Programmes to the Specific Groups

5. 5 CENTRAL REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance Most of the assistance programs are being run by SASFs from application to payment processes and paid by periodical budget sent to SASFs from the Fund Budget. Central Regular Cash Transfers are also paid from the Fund Budget and applications are taken by SASFs, however the payments are directly sent to the beneficiaries’ accounts from the center through integrated software system

6. 6 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance SPECIALIZED&REGULAR CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS CONDITIONAL CASH PROGRAMS EDUCATION HEALTH UNCONDITIONAL CASH PROGRAMS For Widow Women whose Husbands are Dead For Needy Families of the Private Ch’ldren in Needy Families of the Private Needy Families of the Orphan Children

7. 7 AS A NEW APPROACH FOR SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance Conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) are the programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households, on the condition that those households make pre-determined investments in the human capital of their children.

8. 8 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance The number of countries implementing CCT programs or adoption of CCT programs at a remarkable rate. Almost every country in Latin America has such a program and elsewhere there are large-scale programs in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Turkey, and pilot programs in Cambodia, Malawi, Morocco, Pakistan, and South Africa, among others. AS A NEW APPROACH FOR SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS

9. 9 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance 1997 2013 The number of countries launching CCTs has been increasing every year. AS A NEW APPROACH FOR SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS

10. 10 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance AS A NEW APPROACH FOR SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS Short- term: Mid-term: Overall objective Break the intergenerational transmission of poverty Accumulate human capital (more education, better health and nutrition) by higher utilization of basic services Support household consumption/income protection

11. 11 In Turkey, CCT program is launched in 2003. App. 2 billion US $ has been allocated to about 3,5 million beneficiary households. It is implemented through a fully web-based software from application to payments and also monitoring and evaluation. AS A NEW APPROACH FOR SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in Turkey REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

12. 12 Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Turkey CCT program was an innovative approach for all the social assistance programs in Turkey because: It provides continuous cash transfer, It is conditional on positive behavioral changes –Keeping children in school, –Ensuring children and pregnant women receive adequate immunization, basic health care and nutrition, Payments are sent directly to mothers’ bank accounts, It is the first computer-based program, It is the first scoring formula based assistance program, It provides longitudinal data about beneficiaries’ socio-economical and conditional based status REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

13. 13 TARGET GROUP OF THE CCT PROGRAM REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

14. 14 What are the Conditionalities of CCT? HEALTH Regular visits to health cen. For children ages 0-5 Regular visits to health centers in pregnancy Giving birth in hospital EDUCATION Level / Grade completion School enrollment School attendance (80%) REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

15. 15 HOW DOES CCT TARGETING MECHANISM WORK? 1 to 2 weeks process REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance APPLICATION Applicants should only present their Naitonal ID numbers APPLICATION FORMS Forms registered to ISASIS INQUIRY FROM 15 DATABASE ( 28 different database; via web- based services, automatically) HOME VISIT SASFs DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM LOCAL BOARD OF TRUSTY Last Decision for beneficiary list

16. 16 Education Support Male Primary School Student ~11 USD /month Female Primary School Student ~ 13 USD /month Male Secondary School Student ~ 16 USD /month Female Secondary School Student ~ 20 USD /month Health Support Children between ages 0-5: ~ 11 USD /month Pregnant women (only for 6 months): ~ 11 USD /month Women gave birth in hospital (just for one): ~ 25 USD Lactating women (only for 2 months): ~ 11 USD/month AMOUNTS PAID FOR CCT BENEFICIARIES REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

17. 17 THE PROCESS OF CCT PAYMENTS REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance MONITORING CCT CONDITIONS MONITORING ELIGIBILITY CONDITIONS

18. 18 L ike other CCT programms in Latin America, the CCT in Turkey has also had an undeniable positive social impacts, which is evident in several dimensions. M ost importantly, the CCT programm in Turkey has helped reduce poverty and inequality in a some extent, as well as foster schooling, especially at the primary level. REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY

19. 19 DISTRIBUTION OF CCT TRANSFERRED AMOUNT REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

20. 20 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance DISTRIBUTION OF CCT BENEFICIARIES

21. 21 ENROLLMENT RATES 2004-2014 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

22. 22 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance DISTRIBUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE EDUCATION CCT BENEFICIARIES FEMALE 1-2-3-4 grades 5-6-7-8 grades9-10-11-12 grades

23. Number of unattended days to the school were decreased 50%, in rural areas this ratio is higher, Unattendace rate is decreased twice as much for the girls, The ratio of attendance to high school is 79,4% for boys and 79,3% for girls in 2009-2010, The same ratio is 57,19% for boys and 50,08% for girls whose are not CCT beneficiaries. with respect to the control group 23 THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

24. Due to the aids ratio of the controls increased from 63,25% to 74,13%. According to the results of qualitative research conducted by health professionals, aids have a positive effect on the overall health level, families’ awareness about health are increased and they gained the habit of regular doctor control. 24 THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

25. Program is effective in every regions of Turkey With in rural ares, West Anatolia is the region where the program is the most effective With in urban areas, South East Anatolia is the region where the program is the most effective South East Anatolia has the highest number of beneficiaries According to the survey CCT reduces the child labor CCT has a positive effect on women's empowerment, participation in social life, to have the financial freedom 25 THE IMPACTS OF CCT IN TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance

26. 26 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION… caner.esenyel@aile.gov.tr www.aile.gov.tr www.sosyalyardimlar.gov.tr For further information: REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICY General Directorate of Social Assistance