1. Meroyan (Post-partum Depression) Nur Nabila Binti Rusle Nur Hanis Amanina Binti Abdul Mutai

2. WHAT IS PPD? Post-natal depression Clinical depression that can affect women (5%-25%), less frequently men (1%-25.5%) after childbirth > post-partum baby-blues, < post-partum psychosis The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Diagnostics & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th Ed.

3. SYMPTOMS Sadness & crying spells Low self-esteem Guilt Sleep & eating disturbances Feeling inadequate to take care of the baby Anger Exhaustion / No energy & lost weight Thought of suicide / hurting & killing the baby

4. CAUSES Lack of vitamin Change in hormones History of PPD / mental illness Lack of social support Financial problems Relationship problems

5. EFFECT ON PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP Inconsistent with childcare 4 coping strategies:- ◦ Avoidance coping ◦ Problem-focused coping ◦ Support seeking coping ◦ Venting coping

6. PREVENTION Early identification and intervention Women being informed about the risk factors Screening for depression, stress Proper exercise Nutrition

7. TREATMENT Medical evaluation to rule out physiological problems Cognitive behavioral therapy (psychotherapy) Possible medication Support groups Home visits Healthy diet Consistent/healthy sleep patterns

8. CROSS CULTURE Malay culture holds a belief in a spirit called ‘Meroyan Ghost’ that resides in the placenta and amniotic fluid. When the spirit is unsatisfied, it causes the mother to experience frequent crying, trouble during sleeping, loss of appetite, collectively known as PPD.

9. POST-PARTUM PSYCHOSIS Separate mental disorder, less common than PPD Involves the onset of psychotic symptoms The rate is 100 times higher in women with bipolar disorder or a previous history of postpartum psychosis

10. REFERENCES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qz-gdWtKaM http://voices.yahoo.com/the-difference-between-baby- blues-postpartum-depression-3914784.html?cat=5 http://voices.yahoo.com/the-difference-between-baby- blues-postpartum-depression-3914784.html?cat=5 http://www.passnc.org/ http://www.steadyhealth.com/articles/Baby_Blues_and_Pos tpartum_Depression__PPD___Causes_and_Treatment_a 879.html http://www.steadyhealth.com/articles/Baby_Blues_and_Pos tpartum_Depression__PPD___Causes_and_Treatment_a 879.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression