1. CHAPTER 2: CIVILIZATIONS AND EMPIRES IN SOUTHWEST ASIA

2. FERTILE CRESCENT pg. 32 TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES FORM FERTILE CRESCENT -LOCATED IN CURRENT DAY ISRAEL, JORDAN, SYRIA, AND IRAQ ** PROVIDED IRRIGATION AND WATER SUPPLY FOR EARLY CULTURES

3. SUMERIANS SOUTHERN MESOPOTOMIA POLYTHEISTIC CULTURE “BELIEVED IN MANY GODS” CAPITOL WAS SUMER

4. CIVILIZATION “5 ESSENTIAL TRAITS 1. THE GROWTH OF CITIES -CENTERS OF TRADE 2. SPECIALIZED WORKERS -PRIESTS, MERCHANTS, SCRIBES, POTTERS, ECT. 3. WRITING -CUNEIFORM USED PICTOGRAPHS AS MEANS OF WRITING 4. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY -THE PLOW, THE WHEEL, AND SAILBOATS -DEVELOPED BRONZE TOOLS AND WEAPONS 5. COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS - ORGANIZED RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT

5. GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS 1. WATER -FLOODED RANDOMLY AND DRIED OUT 2. DEFENSE -FLAT GROUND, NO NATURAL BARRIERS 3. RESOURCE -NO GOOD SUPPLY OF STONE, WOOD, METAL

6. SOLUTION - IRRIGATION CONTROLED AND PROVIDED WATER -BUILT WALLS FOR DEFENSE -TRADING NETWORK PROVIDED STONE, WOOD, METAL