1. (also known as The Renaissance) 1558-1603
The Elizabethan Era
(also known as The Renaissance)

2. The Elizabethan Era (1558-1603)
Named after Queen Elizabeth
Also known as The Renaissance
Time of new ideas and the arts (science, technology, astrology, the supernatural)
The Printing Press >
New invention allowed texts/information to be more easily dispersed

3. Queen Elizabeth Her Father - Her Mother - King Henry VIII
Married 6 times
Famous King of England who Shakespeare wrote plays about
Her Mother -
Ann Boleyn
2nd of King Henry's six wives
Beheaded due to charges of adultery & conspiracy

4. Queen Elizabeth Never married – known as The Virgin Queen
Reigned 1558 – (45 years)
One of the few women to rule England
"...I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too; and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realms: to which, rather than any dishonour should grow by me, I myself will take up arms...”

5. Religion

6. Elizabethan Life - Religion
Elizabeth's father, King Henry VIII, broke ties with the Catholic Church because the Pope would not grant him a divorce
He created the Church of England, which adhered to many Protestant faith, which caused many Catholic monks and nuns to become poor and homeless
Queen Elizabeth adhered to the Protestant faith, but was tolerant of the Catholics

7. Education / Career

8. Elizabethan Life - Education
Grammar school became available to the growing middle class
Many schools and colleges founded
Development of the printing press increased availability of books and pamphlets

9. Medicine and Illness

10. Elizabethan Life – Medicine and Illness
Medicine was very basic
Common medical treatments:
“Blood Letting” - used leeches to suck out “bad/evil” blood
Herbs - used to heal minor ailments
Diseases were misunderstood and thought to be caused by demonic/evil spirits

11. Elizabethan Life – Medicine and Illness
Types of medical help:
Surgeons:
Inferior to physicians
Could only pull teeth and perform “blood letting”
Physicians:
Served only the wealthy for a fee of a gold coin
Educated at one of the universities

12. Elizabethan Life – Medicine and Illness
Physicians' clothing completely covered their bodies and faces.
Amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads were worn at the waist.
They also doused themselves in vinegar (***This actually protected them. It worked as a sanitizer for their hands***)
Would you want this man operating on you?

13. Another type of medical help...
Apothecary:
This is where most people went first
Used herbs and chemicals to create and sell medical drugs
Also sold sweets, cosmetics, and perfumes
Compared to a modern day pharmacy

14. People with little money or support had to
rely on the following for medical care:
“Wise Woman”
A local woman who used herbs to heal people in the community
Homemade Remedies
Housewives used a variety of herbs to produce home made medicines and potions
Churches
Would take people in and provide some aide/shelter

15. Elizabethan Life – Medicine and Illness
Many people began to move from the countryside to larger towns seeking jobs or shelter. This caused severe overcrowding and other major problems.
Massive outbreak of the Bubonic Plague – bacterial infection; if untreated can kill a person in 4 days or less

16. Factors that led to the Bubonic Plague:
Overcrowded towns
Lack of sanitation
Fleas
Lice
Rats
Garbage & Waste thrown into the river/streets
“Take the wall” - referenced the side of the street next to the walls of buildings, farthest away from the open sewers. Inferiors were supposed to yield the wall to superiors and step into the dirty street. Therefore to "take the wall" of a superior was a way to show disrespect because you were forcing the superior to walk into the dirty street.

17. Bubonic Plague Known as “The Black Death”
Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population in Europe
Hit the city dwellers the hardest due to severe overcrowding and lack of sanitation

18. Bubonic Plague 1563 in London: 1,000 people died weekly in mid-August
1,600 died weekly in September
1,800 died weekly in October

19. Elizabethan Life – Bubonic Plague
“When plague broke out in London in 1563, Elizabeth moved her court to Windsor Castle. She erected gallows and ordered anyone coming from London to be hanged. She also prohibited the import of foreign goods to as a measure to prevent the spread of the disease.”

20. Clothing

21. Elizabethan Life – Clothing
“Regardless of their wealth, Elizabethans were not allowed to wear what clothes they liked. Their clothing and items of apparel were dictated by the Elizabethan Sumptuary Laws which governed the style and materials worn.”
Men & women wore many layers of clothing to fight the cold and diseases. Clothing could also display wealth and style.

22. Men's Clothing Under garments: Shirt stockings / hose
codpiece (attached to hose)
Corset
Outer garments:
Doublet (snug fitting jacket)
separate sleeves
breeches
belt
ruff (high frilled collar)
cloak
Shoes
hat

23. Women's Clothing Underclothes: smock stockings corset hoop skirt
small pads worn at hips
petticoat
kirtle (underskirt)
forepart (half skirt)
partlet (half shirt)

24. Women's Clothing
Outer clothes:
gown
sleeves
coat
shoes
hat

25. Crime and Punishment

26. Elizabethan Life – Crime and Punishment
Nobility Crimes:
treason
blasphemy
sedition (rebellion against the government)
spying
murder
witchcraft
alchemy (attempting to turn matter into gold)
Commoners Crimes:
theft
cut purses
poaching
begging
adultery
debt
fraud
witchcraft

27. Elizabethan Life – Crime and Punishment
Beheading was considered least brutal form of execution and was afforded to important state prisoners and nobility.
If you were lucky, it only took a few strokes of the ax. The head would then be publicly displayed on a stake.

28. Elizabethan Life – Crime and Punishment
The most brutal form of execution was being hung, drawn, and quartered.
This was reserved for those convicted of treason.

29. Elizabethan Life – Crime and Punishment
Torture was used to obtain confessions for crime.
Types of torture:
The Rack
Branding Irons
Water Torture

30. The
Wheel
The Thumbscrew
Iron Maiden
The Collar

31. Leisure

32. Elizabethan Life - Leisure
Archery
Bowling
Dice
Hammer throwing
Wrestling
Dog / rooster fighting
Bear / bull baiting
The theater

33. Elizabethan Life - Leisure
Elizabethan theater begins in 1576
Outdoor amphitheaters used in summer (like The Globe) – available for most people to attend because of the price
Indoor theaters, called Playhouses, were used in winter and attended by royalty

34. Elizabethan Life - The Globe
There were many terrible disasters which closed the Globe theatre - the Bubonic Plague was the most terrible of all. Frequent outbreaks started in 1563:
In 1603 the Bubonic Plague again ravaged London killing over 33,000 people
The Bubonic Plague struck London in 1608 and the Globe Theatre was closed again
The impact of Globe Theatre closure must have been catastrophic for the actors and the the threat of catching the Bubonic Plague was terrifying. There would have been no money coming into the theatre companies. It would not have been certain when it would be safe for the Globe Theatre to re-open. Most of the Actors, including William Shakespeare, fled to the country during the outbreaks of the Bubonic plague.

35. Elizabethan Life - The Globe
The next disaster which closed the Globe theatre was the fire of The Globe theatre fire accident occurred on 29 June 1613 and the original Globe burned to the ground. The facts surrounding the fire disaster are as follows: The Globe Theatre Fire occurred during a performance of a new play called All is True. Cannons were being shot off at the point in the play which describes the entry of King Henry attending a Masque at Cardinal Wolsey's house The Globe Theatre burned to the ground in less than two hours There were no deaths or serious injuries The Globe Theatre was rebuilt in 1614 The Globe theatre was closed for good in The Puritans(protestant, religious group) forced all theaters to be demolished because they believed the theater led to bad behavior.