2. Conditions Required for Formation Low pressure system Low pressure system Warm Water; 80 F Warm Water; 80 F Begin off the W. coast of Africa Begin off the W. coast of Africa

3. The Stages of a Hurricane (based on changes in wind speed) 1. Tropical Depression (L pressure system) 2. Tropical Storm- gets a name (winds 39-74 mph) 3. Hurricane (winds over 74 mph)

4. Why do Hurricanes travel from east to west? None at the Equator!

5. The Saffir-Simpson Scale: based on wind speed

8. Other names: Typhoons in the western PacificTyphoons in the western Pacific Cyclones in Australia/Indian oceanCyclones in Australia/Indian ocean Hurricanes in the AtlanticHurricanes in the Atlantic

9. 2015- year of the Pacific hurricane/typhoon

10. Hurricane Patricia- strongest “hurricane” ever!

11. Timeline of 2015 hurricanes

12. When is Hurricane season? Fall ( peaks in Aug.- Sept.) Fall ( peaks in Aug.- Sept.) Why? Why?

13. 2015 Atlantic hurricane season

15. Joaquin; Bahamas Bahamas Sunk El Faro Sunk El Faro

16. TS Erika Killed 36 people in DR Killed 36 people in DR flooding flooding

17. Parts of a hurricane eye - 20-50 miles wide eye - 20-50 miles wide –light winds –Air sinking –clear/broken clouds eye wall eye wall –very strong winds –ring of intense thunderstorms

18. Parts of a hurricane (cont.) Spiral Rain bands- heavy rain; wind Spiral Rain bands- heavy rain; wind

19. Cross section of a hurricane Cross section of a hurricane Eye Wall

20. Do Hurricanes affect Detroit? Just rain Just rain

24. Hurricane Damage!

25. Hurricane Damage due to wind and water due to wind and water rains can cause flooding and mud slides rains can cause flooding and mud slides Most deaths are due to the storm surge Most deaths are due to the storm surge

26. Gulf Shores, AL (after Hurricane Ivan 2004)

27. Power of Wind

28. Andrew 1992

29. Ivan 2004

30. Iris 1991

31. STORM SURGE OCEAN WATER SUCKED UPWARD

32. Katrina’s storm surge

33. Factors Affecting Storm Surge shape of the coastline shape of the coastline the magnitude of the hurricane the magnitude of the hurricane http://www.comet.ucar.edu/nsflab/web/hurricane/313.htm

34. What to do if a hurricane warning is issued? LEAVE THE AREA

35. Hurricane forecasting 3 major hurricanes were predicted for 2014; 7 are predicted for 2015 Satellites are most useful in detecting where hurricanes are Satellites are most useful in detecting where hurricanes are To predict direction they will go… To predict direction they will go… –Fronts –Water temp. –Wind directions –Still fickle!

36. Hurricane Dissolving storm passes over cooler waters OR storm passes over cooler waters OR storm makes landfall storm makes landfall Once the warm water is gone so is the hurricane!

37. What Determines What is the Worst Hurricane? Winds ?? Deaths ?? Cost ??

38. Most Powerful Atlantic Hurricanes

39. Deadliest Atlantic Hurricanes

40. Galveston 1900-deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history

41. Costliest Atlantic Hurricanes Katrina- $80 billion Sandy- $65 billion

42. Andrew 1992

43. Cost of hurricane damage is increasing because…. More people are moving to hurricane prone areas! More people are moving to hurricane prone areas!

44. Hurricane Katrina 2005

48. Levees broke Added to flooding Added to flooding New O. below sea level! New O. below sea level! 1833 died 1833 died

56. Gulfport, Mississippi Wind side of storm Wind side of storm

57. Superstorm Sandy

58. Sandy- 285 died

60. Super storm sandy Unusual conditions Unusual conditions –Bermuda H was absent Steered Sandy left –Gulf stream 3º warmer than normal –Combined with cold front from main land –High spring tide –Jet stream moved farther south- added power to storm